MAP21: VERONICA


          "One must learn by doing the thing; though you think
           you know it, you have no certainty until you try."
           -- Publilius Syrus, Moral Sayings


Bouncing around Gopherspace, finding neat files and leaving bookmarks,
is fun for a while. Soon, however, you are going to want to find a
way to locate stuff in Gopherspace a little more quickly.

That's where Veronica comes in. Veronica -- Very Easy, Rodent-Oriented,
Net-Wide Index to Computerized Archives -- is a search tool that allows
you to quickly scan Gopherspace for particular files and directories.
("Rodent-Oriented?" Yep -- a gopher is a rodent (and so is a SQUIRREL!)).

Veronica is a program that you access through Gopher. Veronica asks
you to enter a keyword, and it then searches through a database
of over 5,500 Gopher servers and over 10 million Gopher "items"
for files and directories whose titles contain your keyword.

What makes Veronica REALLY amazing is that it not only finds these
files and directories, it also *GETS* all of these files and directories
and places them on a temporary Gopher menu that you can browse through!
This temporary menu works just like any other Gopher menu!

Let's take a look at a basic Veronica search. I access my site's
Gopher client by typing "gopher" on the command line, and the following
menu appears on my screen:


     Rice CMS Gopher 2.4.0                            GOPHER.SQUIRREL.COM
     1/8
                                  (root menu)
     <document>  Information about the Squirrel Gopher Server
     <document>  What's new in the Squirrel Gopher
     <menu>      Network Resources, Services and Information
     <phonebk>   Squirrel staff directory
     <menu>      Squirrel Human Resources Information
     <menu>      Potpourri, Miscellaneous Topics
     <menu>      Local Squirrel Archives
     <menu>      Other Gopher Servers
     <menu>_     Search all of Gopherspace using Veronica - 4800+ servers


Since I used the UNIX Gopher client the first two days of this week, I
figured it was only fair to use the VM Gopher client for two days as
well :)

I move the cursor down to the "Search Gopherspace using Veronica"
menu line, press enter, and the following menu appears on my screen:


     Rice CMS Gopher 2.4.0                                gopher.tc.umn.edu
     1/10
                  Search all of Gopherspace using Veronica - 4800+ servers
     <menu>      About Veronica:  Documents, Software, Index-Control Protocol
     <menu>      Experimental Veronica Query Interface: Chooses Server for You!
     <search>    Find ONLY DIRECTORIES by Title word(s) (via SUNET)
     <search>    Find ONLY DIRECTORIES by Title word(s) (via U of Manitoba)
     <search>_   Find ONLY DIRECTORIES by Title word(s) (via U T Dallas)
     <document>  Frequently-Asked Questions (FAQ) about veronica - July 29,1994
     <document>  How to Compose Veronica Queries - June 23, 1994
     <search>    Search Gopherspace by Title word(s) (via SUNET)
     <search>    Search Gopherspace by Title word(s) (via U of Manitoba)
     <search>    Search Gopherspace by Title word(s) (via U T Dallas)


Notice that not only do I get to choose which Veronica program site
I want to conduct my search through, I also get to choose between
two types of searches:

     1. "Search Gopherspace by Title word(s)" which will show me EVERY FILE
        AND DIRECTORY in Gopherspace whose title contains my keyword, or

     2. "Find ONLY DIRECTORIES by Title word(s)" which will show me ONLY
        THE DIRECTORIES (a.k.a. menus) in Gopherspace whose titles contain
        my keyword.

Obviously, the return from an "ONLY DIRECTORIES" search will be much smaller
than that from a "Search Gopherspace" search. If you are using a common
word as your keyword (such as "Internet", "Gopher", "Economics", etc.),
your best bet is to do an "ONLY DIRECTORIES" search to keep from being
flooded with returns :)

I want to do a search of every Gopher directory on the planet that
has the word "Roadmap" in it.

The choice of which site I conduct my search through is completely up
to me. There should not be a difference between the sites and the results
that I will get (notice I said *should* not), so I can pick any site that
I want. Since my former best friend used to live in Dallas, I move the
cursor down to the "Find ONLY DIRECTORIES by Title word(s) (via U T
Dallas)" search entry, press enter, and the following appears on my
screen:

          Enter keyword(s):

The keyword I want Veronica to look for is "Roadmap," so I type

          Roadmap

press enter, prop my feet up on the desk, and wait for something to
appear on my screen.

Eventually, the following menu appears on my screen:


     Rice CMS Gopher 2.4.0                         veronica.utdallas.edu
     1/8
                   Find ONLY DIRECTORIES by Title Word(s)
     <menu>      Roadmap & Guide to Finding Information
     <menu>      Roadmap to Institutional Data
     <menu>_     ROADMAP
     <menu>      Roadmap to Risk (Graphics Files -- pict format)
     <menu>      Roadmap to Risk (ASCII)
     <menu>      Roadmap to Human Resources


COOL! Although each of these menus are located on different servers
around the world, I can access them ALL from this menu (although
further investigation shows that NONE of these menus have anything
to do with this workshop <<pout>>).

Isn't Veronica NEAT?? There are a few more Veronica commands that you
can use, but I'll let you discover them in tonight's homework :)


ACCESSING VERONICA

If you wander around Gopherspace enough, you are bound to find a
site with a link to Veronica. Chances are, your site even has
its own Veronica link!

I would strongly recommend finding a Veronica menu somewhere and
planting a bookmark there. You will find that Veronica is an
ESSENTIAL Internet tool, and not having Veronica in your booklist
is going to be a BIG mistake.

You can find Veronica menus on most of the Gopher sites that you
can telnet to (see the list of telnet Gopher sites in MAP19),
and you can also access the Veronica menu through the University of
Minnesota's Gopher server (gopher.micro.umn.edu 70).


PERSONAL OBSERVATIONS

I have personally had some problems with Veronica. I'm not sure if
I am the only one who has had these problems, or if these problems
are universal -- it is quite possible that I am living in a Veronica
"black hole" and Veronica works perfectly well everywhere else but
Alabama.

It is my personal experience that Veronica is so over-burdened that
your chances of getting the Veronica program to accept your keyword
on the first (or even the fifth) try are pretty slim. More likely
than not, you are going to get a

       *** Too many connections - Try again soon. ***

message. This can become very frustrating very quickly.

Other times, you will encounter the now-famous

       Empty menu; no items selected or nothing available

error message that we discussed the other day. This is also frustrating,
especially when you have to retype your keyword every time this error
appears on your screen.

The final error that I seem to encounter a lot in Veronica is the one
that tells me that Veronica has found nothing matching my keyword.
Unfortunately, experience has shown me that this may or may not be accurate.

There are a couple of things that you have to remember when using
Veronica:

          - Veronica is *incredibly* overloaded
          - If a Veronica keyword search does not work the first
            time, keep trying
          - When Veronica works, it is a thing of beauty
          - When Veronica doesn't work, it gives you error messages
            that may or may not be accurate
          - If you get an error message, try your keyword again
          - The most important ingredient in any Veronica search
            is *PATIENCE*

While I was writing this lesson, I was also attempting a Veronica
search using the keyword "Crispen". After 32 attempts, I still have
not been able to get Veronica to accept this keyword without giving
me an error message :(


HOMEWORK:

     1.  Play around with Veronica :)

     2.  Find the "Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) about Veronica"
         and the "How to Compose Veronica Queries" documents and
         read them. These documents can be found in most Veronica
         menus. You can also find them in the "Search all of
         Gopherspace Using Veronica" menu on the University of
         Minnesota's Gopher server.


SOURCES:

     HOW TO COMPOSE VERONICA QUERIES - June 23, 1994: Steven Foster

     Frequently-Asked Questions (FAQ) about Veronica - July 23, 1994:
     Steven Foster and Fred Barrie .

----------------------------------------------------------------------

ROADMAP: Copyright Patrick Crispen 1994, 1995. All rights reserved.

To unsubscribe from any Roadmap workshop, please send an e-mail
letter to LISTSERV@UA1VM.UA.EDU which says UNSUB * in the body
of your letter.

The address that sent this e-mail letter (CRISPEN@UA1VM.UA.EDU) is
actually the address of an automated error processor. Please DO NOT
reply to this e-mail letter as the error processor will consider
your reply to be an error message and will delete your letter unread.
To contact Patrick Crispen, please use my PCRISPE1@UA1VM.UA.EDU
address.


   (\__/)  .~    ~. ))
   /O O  ./      .'               PATRICK DOUGLAS CRISPEN
  {O__,   \    {                   PCRISPE1@UA1VM.UA.EDU
    / .  . )    \                THE UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA
    |-| '-' \    } ))
   .(   _(   )_.'
  '---.~_ _ _&                       Warning: squirrels.

MAP22: GOPHERMAIL


     "(T)he International Standards Organization (ISO) and the
      International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) designated
      Oct. 14 as World Standards Day to recognize those volunteers
      who have worked hard to define international standards ....
      The United States celebrated World Standards Day on Oct. 11;
      Finland celebrated on Oct. 13; and Italy celebrated on Oct. 18"
      -- Open Systems Today, 10/31/94


One of the most frustrating experiences in the world is being told that
you can't do something. For those of you who only have "Level One"
Internet connectivity, this week must have been especially trying.

Fortunately, thanks to a server program called GopherMail, those of
you with Level One connectivity can now access all of the neat Gopher
sites we talked about this week using nothing but a simple e-mail letter

There are really just four basic steps to using GopherMail:

     1. You send an e-mail letter to a GopherMail server. In your letter
        to the GopherMail server, it really does not matter what you
        put in the subject line or the body of your letter, so long
        as you don't use the word "help" ("help" tells the GopherMail
        server to send you its help file).

     2. GopherMail responds to your letter by sending you its main
        Gopher menu in the body of an e-mail letter.

     3. You respond to this Gopher menu letter by forwarding it back to
        the GopherMail server after you have cleaned the letter up a
        little and marked which menu options you want the GopherMail
        server to send you.

     4. GopherMail responds to your response by sending the information
        that you requested. If what you have requested is another menu,
        GopherMail sends you the menu in the body of another e-mail
        letter, and the cycle keeps repeating itself :)


GopherMail sites are incredibly dynamic -- they appear and disappear
every second -- so any list of GopherMail sites is immediately outdated.
Nonetheless, here are the addresses of a few of the GopherMail servers
that were working recently (1):


     E-mail Address                            Location
     -----------------------------------       ---------------

     gophermail@calvin.edu                     Michigan (US)
     gopher@ucmp1.berkeley.edu                 California (US)
     gophermail@mercury.forestry.umn.edu       Minnesota (US)
     gopher@pip.shsu.edu                       Texas (US)
     gophermail@eunet.cz                       Czech Republic
     gopher@earn.net                           France
     gopher@ftp.technion.ac.il                 Israel
     gopher@solaris.ims.ac.jp                  Japan
     gopher@nig.ac.jp                          Japan
     gopher@nips.ac.jp                         Japan
     gopher@join.ad.jp                         Japan
     gomail@ncc.go.jp                          Japan
     gopher@dsv.su.se                          Sweden


Let's try one of these addresses and see what happens!

To keep Net traffic to a minimum, you should always use the server that
is closest to you. Since Texas is closer to Alabama than any of the
other locations, I am going to use the gopher@pip.shsu.edu address.

I send an e-mail letter to

     gopher@pip.shsu.edu

and leave the subject line and body blank (remember, it does not matter
what I put in body or the subject line, so why waste the effort?).

It may take the GopherMail server several hours to respond to my letter --
just like every other Internet server, GopherMail is almost always
incredibly overburdened -- but eventually I will receive the following
e-mail letter from the GopherMail server:


     Date: Fri, 7 Oct 1994 02:59:04 -0600
     From: gopher@pip.shsu.edu
     To: PCRISPE1@UA1VM.UA.EDU
     Subject: Sam Houston State University Gopher Server
     X-Menu: Max. 100 items/message

     Mail this file back to gopher with an X before the menu items that you
     want. If you don't mark any items, gopher will send all of them.
     For best results, remove this message and all e-mail headers above it
     prior to returning it to the GopherMail server.


           1.  Sam Houston State University Information/
           2.  Current Time and Weather in Huntsville, Texas, USA.
           3.  Daily Almanac (from UChicago).
           4.  Economics (SHSU Network Access Initiative Project)/
           5.  Information by Subject Area/
           6.  DEU Library Prototype Demonstration Area/
           7.  Network-based Information and References/
           8.  Other Gopher and Information Servers in the World/
           9.  TeX-related Materials/
           10. Literate Programming Library/
           11. VMS Gopher-related file library/
           12. Veronica (search menu items in most of GopherSpace)/
           13. Professional Sports Schedules from culine.Colorado.edu/
           14. anonymous ftp archives on Niord.SHSU.edu/
           15. anonymous ftp archives on ftp.shsu.edu/
           16.
           17. GopherMail -- Gopher via Electronic Mail!!.


COOLNESS!!

This is a *real* Gopher menu. Just like the UNIX Gopher server examples
we looked at earlier this week, entries that have "/" at the end of
them are menus, and entries that have a "." at the end of them are
documents.

The only difference between this Gopher menu and one that I access
through a Gopher client or through Telnet is that I have to send my
responses back to the GopherMail server before my responses can be
processed.

Notice that the letter tells me to "remove this message and all e-mail
headers above it prior to returning it to the GopherMail server." If
I don't do this, I run the chance of getting an error message from
the GopherMail server when I forward the letter back to the server.

(In MAP04: E-MAIL, I asked you to contact your local Internet service
provider to learn how to "include text in a reply (and how to edit
this text)." You *NEED* to know how to do this if you want to use
GopherMail).

Before I send the letter back to the GopherMail server, I need
to mark which menu item(s) I want to select. To do this, I put
an "X" next to the menu item(s) that I want the GopherMail server
to send back to me:


           1.  Sam Houston State University Information/
           2.  Current Time and Weather in Huntsville, Texas, USA.
           3.  Daily Almanac (from UChicago).
           4.  Economics (SHSU Network Access Initiative Project)/
           5.  Information by Subject Area/
           6.  DEU Library Prototype Demonstration Area/
           7.  Network-based Information and References/
        X  8.  Other Gopher and Information Servers in the World/
           9.  TeX-related Materials/
           10. Literate Programming Library/
           11. VMS Gopher-related file library/
           12. Veronica (search menu items in most of GopherSpace)/
           13. Professional Sports Schedules from culine.Colorado.edu/
           14. anonymous ftp archives on Niord.SHSU.edu/
           15. anonymous ftp archives on ftp.shsu.edu/
           16.
           17. GopherMail -- Gopher via Electronic Mail!!.


Hopefully, this will send me a menu that looks like the "Other
Gopher Servers" menu that we used earlier this week.

I mail the menu back to the GopherMail server. Eventually, I get the
following reply:


     Date: Fri, 7 Oct 1994 03:18:03 -0600
     From: gopher@pip.shsu.edu
     To: PCRISPE1@UA1VM.UA.EDU
     Subject: Other Gopher and Information Servers in the World
     X-Menu: Max. 100 items/message

     Mail this file back to gopher with an X before the menu items that you
     want. If you don't mark any items, gopher will send all of them.
     For best results, remove this message and all e-mail headers above it
     to returning it to the GopherMail server.


           1.  All the Gopher Servers in the World/
           2.  Search All the Gopher Servers in the World <?> (Send keywords in
               Subject:)
           3.  Search titles in Gopherspace using veronica/
           4.  Africa/
           5.  Asia/
           6.  Europe/
           7.  International Organizations/
           8.  Middle East/
           9.  North America/
           10. Pacific/
           11. Russia/
           12. South America/
           13. Terminal Based Information/
           14. Texas-based Gopher Servers/
           15. VMS-based Gopher Servers/
           16. WAIS Based Information/
           17. Gopher Server Registration.


YIPPEE!! This menu *IS* like the menu that we used earlier this
week!! SURAnet, here I come ...

Nah ... I wouldn't do that to you again :)

One last thing, and I will send you home for the weekend: to do a
Veronica or a Phonebook search using GopherMail, put the keyword
in the subject line of the letter that you send back to the
GopherMail server.


HOMEWORK:

     -  Have a great weekend!

     -  I've decided to be kind and move the pop quiz to next week.
        You may want to review FTP and Gopher just to be on the
        safe side, though.

     -  If you do NOT have regular Gopher access through a client
        or through Telnet, play around with GopherMail. You may
        want to get the help document too by putting the word
        "help" in the body of your initial letter to the GopherMail
        server.

SOURCES:

     (1) from Yanoff's List (10/15/94), Veronica searches with the
         keyword "GopherMail", and letters posted to NETTRAIN by
         Glee Willis and Thomas Copley

----------------------------------------------------------------------

ROADMAP: Copyright Patrick Crispen 1994, 1995. All rights reserved.

To unsubscribe from any Roadmap workshop, please send an e-mail
letter to LISTSERV@UA1VM.UA.EDU which says UNSUB * in the body
of your letter.

The address that sent this e-mail letter (CRISPEN@UA1VM.UA.EDU) is
actually the address of an automated error processor. Please DO NOT
reply to this e-mail letter as the error processor will consider
your reply to be an error message and will delete your letter unread.
To contact Patrick Crispen, please use my PCRISPE1@UA1VM.UA.EDU
address.


   (\__/)  .~    ~. ))
   /O O  ./      .'               PATRICK DOUGLAS CRISPEN
  {O__,   \    {                   PCRISPE1@UA1VM.UA.EDU
    / .  . )    \                THE UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA
    |-| '-' \    } ))
   .(   _(   )_.'
  '---.~_ _ _&                       Warning: squirrels.

MAP-EXTRA: BACK LESSON ARCHIVE


Can you believe that we have been at this for over a MONTH?
Gee, and there is only one week left :(

Here is a list of all of the lessons that I have sent out so
far:

          WEEK1
          filename  filetype  description
          --------  --------  -----------
          MAP01     LESSON    WELCOME
          MAP02     LESSON    LISTSERV FILE SERVER COMMANDS

          WEEK2
          filename  filetype  description
          --------  --------  -----------
          MAP03     LESSON    LEVELS OF INTERNET CONNECTIVITY
          MAP04     LESSON    E-MAIL
          MAP05     LESSON    LISTSERVS
          MAP06     LESSON    OTHER MAIL SERVERS
          MAP07     LESSON    NETIQUETTE

          WEEK3
          filename  filetype  description
          --------  --------  -----------
          MAP08     LESSON    USENET
          MAP09     LESSON    SPAMMING AND URBAN LEGENDS
          MAP10     LESSON    INTERNET SECURITY
          MAP11     LESSON    TELNET (PART ONE)
          MAP12     LESSON    TELNET (PART TWO)

          WEEK4
          filename  filetype  description
          --------  --------  -----------
          MAP13     LESSON    FTP (PART ONE)
          MAP14     LESSON    FTP (PART TWO)
          MAP15     LESSON    FTPMAIL
          MAP16     LESSON    FTP FILE COMPRESSION
          QUIZ1Q    LESSON    POP QUIZ
          MAP17     LESSON    ARCHIE
          MAP17B    LESSON    FTP SITES
          QUIZ1A    LESSON    POP QUIZ ANSWERS

          WEEK5
          filename  filetype  description
          --------  --------  -----------
          MAP18     LESSON    GOPHER (PART ONE)
          MAP19     LESSON    GOPHER (PART TWO)
          MAP20     LESSON    BOOKMARKS AND BOOKLISTS
          MAP21     LESSON    VERONICA
          MAP22     LESSON    MAP22: GOPHERMAIL

If you are missing any of these lessons, there are TWO ways
that you can have the lessons sent to you: in individual files,
or in one-week blocks.

If you have a small e-mail box, or if you only want to retrieve
a particular Roadmap workshop lesson (say, for example, a lesson
that you have accidentally thrown away), you can send an e-mail
letter to

               LISTSERV@UA1VM.UA.EDU

with the command

               GET FILENAME FILETYPE F=MAIL

in the body of your e-mail letter, replacing the words FILENAME
and FILETYPE with the filename and filetype for the particular
lesson that you want to retrieve.

What is a "filename" and "filetype?" Well, look at the following
chart:

          filename  filetype  description
          --------  --------  -----------
          MAP01     LESSON    WELCOME
          MAP02     LESSON    LISTSERV FILE SERVER COMMANDS

The filename appears in the first column, and the filetype appears
in the second column. So, the filename and filetype for the
"WELCOME" message would be MAP01 LESSON, and the filename and
filetype for the "LISTSERV FILE SERVER COMMANDS" lesson would
be MAP02 LESSON

That's pretty easy. If you want to retrieve the lesson on LISTSERV
file server commands, you would send an e-mail letter to

               LISTSERV@UA1VM.UA.EDU

with the command

               GET MAP02 LESSON F=MAIL

in the body of your e-mail letter. After you send your letter off,
a computer at the University of Alabama will process your letter
and will -- usually within 24 hours -- e-mail you the lesson(s)
that you request!

You can also get the lessons e-mailed to you in one week blocks
simply by sending an e-mail letter to

               LISTSERV@UA1VM.UA.EDU

with the command

               GET WEEK# PACKAGE F=MAIL

in the body of your e-mail letter, replacing the # with the week
number of the block that you want to retrieve.

For example, to get all of these "WEEK2" files e-mailed to you

          WEEK2
          filename  filetype  description
          --------  --------  -----------
          MAP03     LESSON    LEVELS OF INTERNET CONNECTIVITY
          MAP04     LESSON    E-MAIL
          MAP05     LESSON    LISTSERVS
          MAP06     LESSON    OTHER MAIL SERVERS
          MAP07     LESSON    NETIQUETTE

all you have to do is send an e-mail letter to

               LISTSERV@UA1VM.UA.EDU

with the command

               GET WEEK2 PACKAGE F=MAIL

in the body of your e-mail letter. After you send your letter off,
a computer at the University of Alabama will process your letter
and will -- usually within 24 hours -- e-mail you the particular
one-week block of lessons that you request.

I do need to ask you a favor, though. Please only get one week's
lessons at a time. I know that there is a great temptation for you
to get all of the lessons at once, but that will place a great
deal of strain on the University of Alabama's system. The University
of Alabama has been kind enough to store these lessons so that
you can retrieve them -- we need to repay their kindness by
keeping the demand on their system to a minimum.

Oh, and before I forget, here is a list of the lessons that I will
be sending you next week:

          M 3/13     MAP23: WWW (PART ONE)
          T 3/14     MAP24: WWW (PART TWO)
                     POP QUIZ
          W 3/15     MAP25: ADDRESSES SEARCHES AND FINGER
                     MAP-EXTRA: NEAT STUFF TO CHECK OUT
                     MAP-EXTRA: ADVERTISING ON THE INTERNET
          R 3/16     MAP26: IRC/MUDs/MOOs AND OTHER "TALKERS"
                     GUEST LECTURE -- RICHARD SMITH
                     POP QUIZ ANSWERS
          F 3/17     MAP27: THE FUTURE ...

Have a GREAT (and safe) weekend :)

----------------------------------------------------------------------

ROADMAP: Copyright Patrick Crispen 1994, 1995. All rights reserved.

To unsubscribe from any Roadmap workshop, please send an e-mail
letter to LISTSERV@UA1VM.UA.EDU which says UNSUB * in the body
of your letter.

The address that sent this e-mail letter (CRISPEN@UA1VM.UA.EDU) is
actually the address of an automated error processor. Please DO NOT
reply to this e-mail letter as the error processor will consider
your reply to be an error message and will delete your letter unread.
To contact Patrick Crispen, please use my PCRISPE1@UA1VM.UA.EDU
address.


   (\__/)  .~    ~. ))
   /O O  ./      .'               PATRICK DOUGLAS CRISPEN
  {O__,   \    {                   PCRISPE1@UA1VM.UA.EDU
    / .  . )    \                THE UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA
    |-| '-' \    } ))
   .(   _(   )_.'
  '---.~_ _ _&                       Warning: squirrels.

MAP23: WWW


               "Ah! the clock is always slow;
                It is later than you think."
                -- Robert W. Service, It is Later Than You Think


I wish I had six weeks just to talk about the World Wide Web (a.k.a.
WWW or "the Web."). If you think Gopher is neat, wait until you start
playing around on the Web :)

Unfortunately, I *don't* have six weeks to talk about the Web -- I only
have two days. Because of this, we are going to go through the Web like
Sherman went through Georgia (1).

That's the bad news. The good news is that there are a lot of REALLY good
Web guides available, and I am even seriously considering developing my own
Web workshop that I will offer *late* this year (2).

Until that time comes, however, let's talk about the BASICS of the Web.

Last week I showed you how most Gopher menus are linked together. We
started out in the gopher.squirrel.com root menu, and eventually ended
up at the SURAnet gopher menu. We were able to do this because the
menus that we travelled through had links to menus and files that were
located at other Gopher sites.

Because Gopher menus are linked together, a whole world of information
is available to us with just a few keystrokes!

Imagine if we were able to take these links one step further. Instead
of linking menus, we could link *DOCUMENTS* together. You could read
one document, find a keyword in that document that really interests
you, touch that keyword, and automatically be taken to a NEW document
somewhere else in the world -- and this new document could even have
links to OTHER documents around the world, and so on.

Sound too good to be true? It isn't, thanks to something called
"hypertext." If you have ever played with Apple's Hypercard program
or the "help" menus in the latest Microsoft packages, you have already
experienced hypertext. You "select" a highlighted word -- usually by
clicking on it with a mouse -- and you are taken into an entirely
new document or help screen.

The World Wide Web is based on hypertext. It is possible for you to
go roaming around the Web, bouncing from document to document, using
nothing but the links in those documents!

Just as you can access Gopherspace through a Gopher server or client,
you can access the Web through something called a "browser." A browser
can read documents, fetch documents, access files by FTP, read Usenet
newsgroups, telnet into remote sites, and even travel around Gopherspace.
In short, everything that we have talked about over the past three weeks
can be done using nothing but a Web browser!

The Web is able to accomplish all of this thanks to something called
URLs ("earls") -- Universal Resource Locators. URLs list the exact
location of *ANY* Internet resource.

If you think about it, giving every Internet resource a unique
address is the hard part. Once you have given something an address,
linking to it is pretty easy :)

What is really special about the Web is that the Web does all of this
"behind the scenes." It is possible for you to bounce from one link to
another without ever knowing the exact address of where you are, or
even how you got there.

If you ever want to jump *directly* to a particular Internet resource,
however, you are going to need to know a little bit more about URLs.
Here are a few basic URLs:

     file://wuarchive.wustl.edu/mirrors/msdos/graphics/gifkit.zip
     ftp://wuarchive.wustl.edu/mirrors
     http://info.cern.ch:80/default.html
     news:alt.hypertext
     telnet://dra.com

Gee ... those look a little like FTP addresses, don't they?

The first part of an URL -- the stuff before the colon -- tells the
browser how to access that particular file. For example, to access

     ftp://wuarchive.wustl.edu/mirrors

your browser would use FTP.

Most of the access methods are pretty straight-forward. Here is a list
of some of the more common access methods that you are going to see
listed in the first part of URLs:

          method        what it stands for
          ------        ---------------------------------------

          ftp           File Transfer Protocol
          file          File Transfer Protocol (same as ftp)
          news          Internet News Protocol (Usenet)
          gopher        Gopher
          telnet        Telnet
          http          Hypertext Transport Protocol


We've used all of these before, except for http. If you ever see a
URL with http at the beginning of it, that means that the file is
a hypertext document (with hypertext links to other documents).

The rest of a URL -- the stuff after the colon -- is the address of
that particular file. In general, two slashes (//) after the colon
indicates a machine name or address.

For example,

     file://wuarchive.wustl.edu/mirrors/msdos/graphics/gifkit.zip

is the URL for an FTP file at wuarchive.wustl.edu, and

     http://info.cern.ch:80/default.html

is the URL for a hypertext document at info.cern.ch, port 80.


TOMORROW:   - How to access the Web by telnet
            - Where you can obtain a Web browser (for those of you
              with Level 3 connectivity and a SLIP or PPP connection)
            - Doing some simple searches using the Web
            - The difference between the Web and Mosaic (Mosaic is
              just a browser that lets you access the Web).

HOMEWORK:

     If you are planning on becoming a SERIOUS Web guru, I have
     placed the WWW FAQ on the file server at the University of
     Alabama. It is broken into two parts:

          filename  filetype
          --------  --------
          WWW       FAQ1
          WWW       FAQ2

     You can use the GET command to get it (remember, do not
     reply to this letter -- you MUST write a new letter to the
     LISTSERV with your GET commands).

SOURCES:

     WWW FAQ, 8 August 1994.


NOTES:

(1)  General William Tecumseh Sherman was the Union Army General
     who burned a path 100 miles wide from Atlanta to the sea during
     the U.S. Civil War.

(2)  Kristen Burke, a friend of mine at the University, recently heard
     me promise that after this workshop I would *NEVER* do anything like
     this again. She bet me that I would change my mind. She won :)

----------------------------------------------------------------------

ROADMAP: Copyright Patrick Crispen 1994, 1995. All rights reserved.

To unsubscribe from any Roadmap workshop, please send an e-mail
letter to LISTSERV@UA1VM.UA.EDU which says UNSUB * in the body
of your letter.

The address that sent this e-mail letter (CRISPEN@UA1VM.UA.EDU) is
actually the address of an automated error processor. Please DO NOT
reply to this e-mail letter as the error processor will consider
your reply to be an error message and will delete your letter unread.
To contact Patrick Crispen, please use my PCRISPE1@UA1VM.UA.EDU
address.


   (\__/)  .~    ~. ))
   /O O  ./      .'               PATRICK DOUGLAS CRISPEN
  {O__,   \    {                   PCRISPE1@UA1VM.UA.EDU
    / .  . )    \                THE UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA
    |-| '-' \    } ))
   .(   _(   )_.'
  '---.~_ _ _&                       Warning: squirrels.

MAP-EXTRA: QUICK UPDATE


There is a very slim chance that one or two of the lessons this week
may be a little late.  Please accept my apologies for this.

Also, by request, I have a quick penguin update from Mike at
Mawson Station, Antarctica.  Our little black and white friends
have picked themselves up off of their backsides and have moved
off onto the packice. According to Mike, the temperature at
Mawson station is a balmy -16 C with 35 knot winds.

I still haven't heard from Davis Station, Antarctica, though.
Perhaps the polar squirrels got them :)

----------------------------------------------------------------------

ROADMAP: Copyright Patrick Crispen 1994, 1995. All rights reserved.

To unsubscribe from any Roadmap workshop, please send an e-mail
letter to LISTSERV@UA1VM.UA.EDU which says UNSUB * in the body
of your letter.

The address that sent this e-mail letter (CRISPEN@UA1VM.UA.EDU) is
actually the address of an automated error processor. Please DO NOT
reply to this e-mail letter as the error processor will consider
your reply to be an error message and will delete your letter unread.
To contact Patrick Crispen, please use my PCRISPE1@UA1VM.UA.EDU
address.


   (\__/)  .~    ~. ))
   /O O  ./      .'               PATRICK DOUGLAS CRISPEN
  {O__,   \    {                   PCRISPE1@UA1VM.UA.EDU
    / .  . )    \                THE UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA
    |-| '-' \    } ))
   .(   _(   )_.'
  '---.~_ _ _&                       Warning: squirrels.

MAP24: WWW (PART TWO)


     "I love to sail forbidden seas, and land on barbarous coasts."
      -- Herman Melville, Moby-Dick


Back to work.

Yesterday I told you that "URLs" is pronounced "earls." In fact, a lot
of people still use the initials and call them "U-R-Ls." I personally
prefer calling them "earls" because "earls" rhymes with "squirrels,"
but the choice of what you call them is completely up to you :)

Let's take a look at how a sample WWW browser works. There are three
basic types of WWW browsers available: line-mode browsers, full screen
browsers (like Lynx), and graphical browsers (like Mosaic).

Line-mode browsers are about as user un-friendly as you can get.
This is hard to describe, but line-mode browsers work a little
like FTP inasmuch as you type a command, get some information
on your screen, type a new command, get some more information, and
so on ...

A full screen browser puts a menu on your screen that looks a little like
the Gopher menus that we saw last week. You move the cursor up and down
the screen, select a highlighted link, press enter or return, and you
are automatically taken to a new document or file (your fill screen
browser may work differently than this, though).

Graphical browsers allow you to access not only text, but also pictures
and sound (a.k.a. "hypermedia"). In fact, these pictures can be put in Web
documents (a.k.a. Web pages), making that Web page look less like a
Gopher menu and more like a page from a color magazine! Most graphical
browsers use a mouse, and you point-and-click on a highlighted link to
access it.

The URL for the sample Web page that we are going to use today is

          http://ua1vm.ua.edu/~vmhttpd/index.html

and I am going to be using the UF WWW Browser for CMS to access this
page. I'll talk a little more about how you can access a WWW browser
in a few minutes, but I first want to show you what a basic Web page
looks like.

The UF WWW Browser for CMS is the browser that my service provider
uses, and it is a full screen browser. The browser that you use -- if
you can even access a WWW browser -- will probably look and work a
little differently than what you will see in this example.

Finally, in real life my browser highlights the links by making them
a different color than the rest of the text. There is no way for me to
use different colors in this letter, so I have highlighted the links
in this example by surrounding them with a (* *).

Just like I can access an item in a Gopher menu by pointing at it and
selecting it, I can access a WWW link by pointing at it and selecting
it.

Enough talk. Time for the example.

I access my provider's WWW browser, and the following appears on my
screen:


     Albert 1.2.0 (UF WWW Browser for CMS)    Screen 1 of 2 (more screens)
     Viewing=http://ua1vm.ua.edu/~vmhttpd/index.html
     Title=UA1VM WWW Home Page
             Welcome to The University of Alabama's CMS WWW Server

     This CMS server is still under development. Any (*comments*)
     or (*suggestions*) will be greatly appreciated. Thank you.

     Gopher Sites:
        - (*UA1VM CMS Gopher Server*)
        - (*UA1IX AIX/370 Gopher Server*)
        - (*RISC/6000 Gopher Server*)
        - (*RICEVM1 CMS Gopher Server*)
     Telnet Sessions:
        - (*UA1VM.UA.EDU*)
        - (*UA1IX.UA.EDU - Line Mode*)
        - (*RISC.UA.EDU - Line Mode*)
     WWW Sites:
        - The University of Alabama Libraries (*WWW*)
        - The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (*WWW*)
        - The Alabama Supercomputer Network (*WWW*)
        - NASA Information Services via (*WWW*)
     Leisure:
        - (*Intertext Magazine*) - Electronic Fictional Magazine at The
          University of Michigan
        - (*Wiretap*) - a gopher to Cupertino, California
        - (*NNR*) - UA1VM's Network News Reader
     Other Neat Stuff:
        - The University of Alabama Library's On-Line (*Card Catalog*)
        - a (*map*) of The University of Alabama campus
        ... snip snip snip ...


COOL!

I can select any of these links -- the words set apart from the rest
of the text with a (* *) -- and be transported to that particular link.
>From this one Web page, I can access Gopher, telnet, and even other
Web pages! (I can also access FTP, although this page does not show
it).

We've seen a lot of Gopher and telnet recently. Let's take a look at
another Web page. Since I used to be a Simulations Director at the
United States Space Camp (did I forget to tell you that?), I'm going
to move my cursor down to the (*WWW*) link next to "NASA Information
Services", press enter, and see what happens:


     Albert 1.2.0 (UF WWW Browser for CMS)    Screen 1 of 2 (more screens)
     Viewing=http://hypatia.gsfc.nasa.gov/NASA_homepage.html
     Title=NASA Information Services via World Wide Web
     National Aeronautics and Space Administration

     NASA Logo

     (*World Wide Web (WWW) information services*)

     (*Hot Topics*)  NASA news and subjects of public interest
     (*NASA Strategic Plan*)
     (*NASA Strategies, Policies, and Public Affairs*)
     (*NASA Online Educational Resources*)
     (*NASA Information Sources by Subject*)
     ... snip snip snip ...


This is certainly more interesting than SURAnet! ;)

>From this Web page I can access OTHER Web pages, and from those Web pages
I can access even MORE Web pages, and so on ...

Yesterday I told you that it is possible for you to connect directly
to a specific Internet resource so long as you know the resource's
URL. *HOW* you do that depends on the browser that you use.

For the line-mode browser at CERN, for example, the command to connect
to a particular URL is

          GO <URL>

replacing <URL> with the URL of the Internet resource that you want
to access. In Lynx, you just select the "GO" link on the browser's
start-up page; in most graphical browsers (like Mosaic), there is
usually an "Open URL" option in one of the menus. (1)

Before you can do this, however, you have to first access the Web.
There are three ways that you can do this:

     1. Through a browser stored on your local Internet service provider's
        machine. Ask your provider if your site has a Web browser, and how
        you can access it.

     2. Through a browser stored on your own machine. Until recently,
        you had to have a SLIP or PPP connection to do this. Some
        providers -- providers who FLOODED my mailbox when I did
        not talk about the special Level 2.0002746278546723 access
        that they offer -- now allow you to store a Web browser on
        your own machine even though you only have Level 2 access.

        If you do not have a SLIP or PPP connection, contact your
        provider BEFORE you store a Web reader on your own computer
        and double-check that your provider will support the browser.
        *MOST* service providers can NOT support a Web browser unless
        you have a SLIP or PPP connection.

     3. Through a telnet connection to a publicly-accessible Web
        browser.

If you have a SLIP or a PPP connection, the WWW FAQ that I have stored on
the University of Alabama's LISTSERV file server (WWW FAQ1) has a list
of FTP sites where you can get specific Web browsers.

(Do me a favor ... re-read that last sentence. Did you EVER think you
would understand a sentence like that? Isn't this workshop COOL?!!)

If you do not have access to a Web browser through your site, you may
still be able to access a Web browser through telnet. The following are
a couple of the public Web sites: (1)

     telnet address            comments
     --------------            -----------------------
     info.cern.ch              No password is required. This is in
                               Switzerland, so U.S. users might be
                               better off using a closer browser.

     www.cc.ukans.edu          The "Lynx" full screen browser, which
                               requires a vt100 terminal. Login as www.
                               Does not allow users to "go" to arbitrary
                               URLs.

     www.njit.edu              Login as www. A full-screen browser at
                               the New Jersey Institute of Technology.

     sun.uakom.cs              Slovakia. Has a slow link, so only use
                               from nearby.

     info.funet.fi             Login as www. Offers several browsers,
                               including Lynx (goto option disabled
                               there too).

     fserv.kfki.hu             Hungary. Has a slow link, so use from
                               nearby. Login as www.


Once you are on the Web, it is possible for you to do keyword searches
(much like the Veronica searches we did last week) using one of the
Web's many search engines. One of the best Web search engines is the
WebCrawler. The WebCrawler's URL is

     http://www.biotech.washington.edu/WebQuery.html

and the WebCrawler searches for documents whose title *AND CONTENT*
match your keyword.

Another Web search engine you probably will want to check out is
the World Wide Web Worm. The Worm's URL is

     http://www.cs.colorado.edu/home/mcbryan/WWWW.html

The Worm is not at thorough as the WebCrawler, but it is still a
pretty competent search engine.

Both of these search engines provide really good on-line help and instructions.

One last thing, and I am though for today. Please remember:

     - The "Web" is the collection of all of the files and information
       that can be accessed by a Web browser.

     - Mosaic and Lynx and just BROWSERS that allow you to access the
       Web.


SOURCES

     (1)  WWW FAQ Part 1 - August 94, available from the University
          of Alabama's LISTSERV file server (GET WWW FAQ1 F=MAIL).

----------------------------------------------------------------------

ROADMAP: Copyright Patrick Crispen 1994, 1995. All rights reserved.

To unsubscribe from any Roadmap workshop, please send an e-mail
letter to LISTSERV@UA1VM.UA.EDU which says UNSUB * in the body
of your letter.

The address that sent this e-mail letter (CRISPEN@UA1VM.UA.EDU) is
actually the address of an automated error processor. Please DO NOT
reply to this e-mail letter as the error processor will consider
your reply to be an error message and will delete your letter unread.
To contact Patrick Crispen, please use my PCRISPE1@UA1VM.UA.EDU
address.


   (\__/)  .~    ~. ))
   /O O  ./      .'               PATRICK DOUGLAS CRISPEN
  {O__,   \    {                   PCRISPE1@UA1VM.UA.EDU
    / .  . )    \                THE UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA
    |-| '-' \    } ))
   .(   _(   )_.'
  '---.~_ _ _&                       Warning: squirrels.

MAP-EXTRA: POP QUIZ #2


     "The Golden Age of the Net was last year. The Golden Age
      of the Net was *ALWAYS* last year!!" -- Rev. Bob "Bob" Crispen


This is going to be fun! This quiz only has four questions, but the
questions require you to use the Internet to find the answers >:)

Again, do not send your answers to me. This exam is self-graded, and
the answers will be posted on FRIDAY (I want to give you plenty of
time to complete this exam).


     1. There are literally THOUSANDS of files available through FTP
        that have the .TXT file extension. Tell me the exact location
        of just one of these files (hint: see MAP17).










     2. Rick Gates has a monthly competition called "The Internet Hunt."
        The Hunt asks ten of the most contrived questions you have ever
        seen, and the Hunt's participants have to find the answers using
        nothing but the Internet (and they also have to show where they
        found the answers).

        Come to think of it, the Internet Hunt is a lot like this pop
        quiz ... hmmmm ....

        I have heard that Rick places the Hunt results on the CICNET Gopher
        server (gopher.cic.net) in Michigan (U.S.)

        I am interested in the Hunt results. In particular, I am interested
        in May, 1994 results.

        Who won the May 1994 Internet Hunt in the individual category? :)
        (Note: you may want to bookmark the main Internet Hunt menu --
        it is a WONDERFUL Internet training resource).










     3. I just tried a Veronica search and I got an "Empty Menu" error
        for a file that I *KNOW* exists. I should call my local Internet
        service provider and complain, right? Explain your answer :)










     4. I want to subscribe to a LISTSERV list. The list's address is
        NAVIGATE@UBVM

        Tell me what I need to do.









     BONUS: What *IS* Clifford Stoll's next book going to be about?
     (One of the questions above gives you enough information to find
     the answer).

----------------------------------------------------------------------

ROADMAP: Copyright Patrick Crispen 1994, 1995. All rights reserved.

To unsubscribe from any Roadmap workshop, please send an e-mail
letter to LISTSERV@UA1VM.UA.EDU which says UNSUB * in the body
of your letter.

The address that sent this e-mail letter (CRISPEN@UA1VM.UA.EDU) is
actually the address of an automated error processor. Please DO NOT
reply to this e-mail letter as the error processor will consider
your reply to be an error message and will delete your letter unread.
To contact Patrick Crispen, please use my PCRISPE1@UA1VM.UA.EDU
address.


   (\__/)  .~    ~. ))
   /O O  ./      .'               PATRICK DOUGLAS CRISPEN
  {O__,   \    {                   PCRISPE1@UA1VM.UA.EDU
    / .  . )    \                THE UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA
    |-| '-' \    } ))
   .(   _(   )_.'
  '---.~_ _ _&                       Warning: squirrels.

MAP25: ADDRESS SEARCHES AND FINGER


     "A man without an address is a vagabond; a man with two
      addresses is a libertine." -- George Bernard Shaw


I have *four* account addresses. What does that make me? (1)

My *main* address is PCRISPE1@UA1VM.UA.EDU (stop laughing ... it's NOT
funny). I also have a UNIX account address (PCRISPE1@UA1IX.UA.EDU), a
P-MAIL address (PCRISPE1@SSS.CBA.UA.EDU), and I even have an address on
America Online (CRISPEN@AOL.COM).

The *only* address that I use regularly is PCRISPE1@UA1VM.UA.EDU

When I was writing the lesson plans for last week's Gopher lessons,
I logged on to my UNIX account (PCRISPE1@UA1IX.UA.EDU) just to brush
up on some commands. I had not used my UNIX account in over two
years (I personally do not like UNIX, and I try to avoid using it
as much as is humanly possible) (2)

Sitting in my UNIX account's mailbox were three letters. Each letter
was written by someone who said they found my address using an e-mail
address search. One of the letters was SIX MONTHS old.

As you can see from the above story, e-mail address searches may not be
100% accurate. You may get a working e-mail address, but there is no
guarantee that the address that you get will be on a system that the
person that you want to talk to still uses.

The moral of my story is this: while it would be great if you could just
type a few commands on your screen and get the e-mail address of
anyone in the world, the *BEST* way to find someone's e-mail address
is to call them on the telephone and ASK them for it.

However, it would be cruel for me to tell you that it is possible
for you to do an e-mail address search (however flawed such a search
might be) and then not show you how to do one of these searches :)

There are several different e-mail address search tools. I am going to
show you one of them -- whois.

The "whois" directory is one of the most popular e-mail search tools.
'The whois directory provides names, e-mail and postal mail addresses
and often phone numbers for people listed in it. To use it, telnet to

               internic.net

No log-on is needed (you can also use whois through Gopher -- check out
the University of Minnesota's gopher server in the "phone books" menu).

Once you have accessed the telnet site, the quickest way to conduct a
whois address search is to type

               whois <name>

at the prompt, replacing <name> with the last name or organization name
that you are looking for.' (3)

Let's check-up on the President of the United States! I type

               whois Clinton

and the following appears on my screen:


     Whois: whois Clinton
     Clinton Cadillac (NET-C106755)  C106755                198.249.102.0
     Clinton Central School (AGCC-DOM)                      AGCC.COM
     Clinton Group, Inc. (CLINTON-DOM)                      CLINTON.COM
     Clinton High School (NET-CLINTONHS-NET) CLINTONHS-NET  192.239.138.0
     Clinton, Tom J. (TJC2)      tjclinton@PIPTRONIX.COM    416 289 1895


Bummer ... No "Bill."

However, I did get some neat information. Let's take a closer look at two
of these entries:

     Clinton Group, Inc. (CLINTON-DOM)                      CLINTON.COM
     Clinton, Tom J. (TJC2)      tjclinton@PIPTRONIX.COM    416 289 1895

The first entry is an entry for a site. "Clinton Group, Inc." is the
real-life name of this particular site. The "CLINTON-DOM" part is
just a "handle" that the whois database uses to identify this entry.
The last part is the site's Internet address (in other words, the
e-mail address for someone who works for the Clinton Group would be
USER@CLINTON.COM (where USER is replaced with the person's login id)).

The second entry is for a person named Tom J. Clinton. Again, the entry
has a handle (TJC2). This entry also has two new items: Tom's e-mail
address, and his telephone number (btw, this is just an example -- the
e-mail address and telephone number listed above will not work).

Let's keep looking for the President. I can use an e-mail address as
a search keyword, so I type

               Whois president@whitehouse.gov

and the following appears on my screen:


     Whois president@whitehouse.gov
     No match for mailbox "PRESIDENT@WHITEHOUSE.GOV"


Gee ... that's odd. I *know* that president@whitehouse.gov is the
correct e-mail address. What happened?

To add to the problem of "inaccurate" addresses that we discussed
a few minutes ago, most e-mail address databases are far from complete.
Heck, this whois directory does not even have an entry for *ME*!

Again, if you want to find someone's e-mail address, the best way to
get it is to ASK that person for their address!!


FINGER

"Finger is a handy little program which lets you find out more about
people on the Net -- and lets you tell others on the Net more about
yourself.

Finger uses the same concept as telnet or FTP, but it works with only
one file, called .plan (yes, with a period in front). This is a text
file an Internet user creates with a text editor in his home directory.
(If you local Internet service provider allows it), you can put your
phone number in there, tell a little bit about yourself, or write
almost anything at all." (3)

If you local Internet service provider allows you to use finger -- and
a lot don't, for reasons we will soon see -- all you need to do to
read someone else's plan is type

          finger <user@address>

replacing <user@address> with the e-mail address of the person that you
want to finger.

For example, if I type

          finger pcrispe1@ua1ix.ua.edu

(my UNIX account address), the following appears on my screen:

      ua1ix.ua.edu
     Login name: pcrispe1@ua1ix.ua.edu         In real life: Patrick Crispen
     Directory: /u/as/econ/pcrispe1            Shell: /bin/sh
     On since Nov 09 06:27:38 on ttyp0 at ua1ix from ua1vm.ua.edu ...
     No plan.

Boring!

Let's finger someone else. I type

          finger coke@cs.cmu.edu

and the following appears on my screen:


      L.GP.CMU.EDU
      Login: coke                             Name: Drink Coke
      Directory: /usr/coke                    Shell: /usr/local/bin/tcsh
      Last login Wed Oct 12 14:27 (EDT) on ttyp1 from PTERO.SOAR.CS.CMU.EDU
      Mail came on Tue Nov  8 13:35, last read on Tue Nov  8 13:35
      Plan:
      Thu Sep 29 17:33:39 1994
      M&M validity: 0         Coke validity: 0 (e.g. data interface is down)
      Exact change required for coke machine.
          M & M                      Buttons
         /-----\
         |     |           C: CCCCCCCCCCCC...........
         |**   |        C: CCCCCC......   D: CCCCCC......
         |*****|        C: CCCCCC......   D: CCCCCC......
         |*****|        C: CCCCCC......   D: CCCCCC......
         \-----/                          C: CCCCCC......
            |                             S: CCCCCC......
            |        Key:
            |          0 = warm;  9 = 90% cold;  C = cold;  . = empty
            |          Leftmost soda/pop will be dispensed next
         ---^---


Huh?? The story, as best as I can remember it, is that the people who
worked at the Computer Science department at Carnegie-Mellon University
in Pittsburgh were sick and tired of having to go down several flights
of stairs only to discover that their Coke machine was empty. So, they
hooked the Coke machine up to the Internet.

Using a finger command, they could tell how many Cokes were in the machine,
and they could even tell if the Cokes were cold or not (the M&M machine
came later).

The neat thing about this is that ANYONE with access to finger can finger
the CMU Coke machine and discover how many Cokes there are in this one
vending machine in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania :)

While this is funny -- and there are a lot of other neat things that you
can find using finger -- there is a problem. According to the Chronicle
of Higher Education

     Many college and university computer system administrators are
     responding to rising concerns over misuse of the Finger tool with
     modifications that restrict the information users can glean, and
     some have eliminated it altogether. Critics note the tool violates
     privacy -- it provides information about where people are logging
     on and when they're doing it -- and security -- crackers can use
     it to obtain information that can help them break into computer
     accounts ... (4)

Don't be shocked if you try to finger someone and it does not work.
If you site does not have a finger program, you can still finger someone
by sending an e-mail letter to

          jfesler@netcom.com

with the command

          #finger <user@address>

in the SUBJECT LINE of your letter (NOTE: do *NOT* put the command in
the body of your letter), replacing <user@address> with the e-mail
address of the person that you want to finger.

You should receive a response about a day later.

You can also try to finger someone using telnet (but I have *yet* to get
this to work from here). If the person's address is user@site, telnet
to

          <site> 79

replacing <site> with the site's address. Once connected, type the
username.


HOMEWORK:

     - In a few minutes, I am going to send you a list of neat stuff
       that you should check out. One of the things you should check
       out is the "Special Internet Connections" list written by
       Scott Yanoff. The list contains the addresses of SEVERAL
       neat finger addresses.

COMMENTS

     (1) *BESIDES* a squirrel!!!
     (2) This is a personal problem, and I promise to seek the necessary
         professional counseling that I need (so PLEASE don't write me).
     (3) Adapted from the "EFF's Guide to the Internet" and reprinted
         by permission.
     (4) Chronicle of Higher Education 7/13/94 A15, as reprinted in
         Edupage 07.14.94

----------------------------------------------------------------------

ROADMAP: Copyright Patrick Crispen 1994, 1995. All rights reserved.

To unsubscribe from any Roadmap workshop, please send an e-mail
letter to LISTSERV@UA1VM.UA.EDU which says UNSUB * in the body
of your letter.

The address that sent this e-mail letter (CRISPEN@UA1VM.UA.EDU) is
actually the address of an automated error processor. Please DO NOT
reply to this e-mail letter as the error processor will consider
your reply to be an error message and will delete your letter unread.
To contact Patrick Crispen, please use my PCRISPE1@UA1VM.UA.EDU
address.


   (\__/)  .~    ~. ))
   /O O  ./      .'               PATRICK DOUGLAS CRISPEN
  {O__,   \    {                   PCRISPE1@UA1VM.UA.EDU
    / .  . )    \                THE UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA
    |-| '-' \    } ))
   .(   _(   )_.'
  '---.~_ _ _&                       Warning: squirrels.

MAP-EXTRA: NEAT STUFF TO CHECK OUT


     "(E)rror of opinion may be tolerated where reason is left
      free to combat it." -- Thomas Jefferson, First Inaugural
      Address (1801)

     "Jefferson obviously was never on Usenet." -- Patrick Crispen


The workshop is rapidly drawing to a close. Before I turn you loose
on the Net, there are a few neat sites and resources that I want to
recommend:


EDUPAGE

     EDUPAGE is a "summary of news items on information technology,
     and is provided three times each week as a service by Educom --
     a consortium of leading colleges and universities seeking to
     transform education through the use of information technology."

     EDUPAGE does not talk about education, but it does give one
     paragraph summaries of technology stories printed in leading
     newspapers and magazines. (EDUPAGE is a *distribution* list,
     much like the Roadmap list. You can't *send* letters to the
     EDUPAGE list, you can only *receive* letters from the EDUPAGE
     list).

     HOW TO GET IT:

          Through e-mail:     send an e-mail letter to LISTPROC@EDUCOM.EDU
                              which says SUB EDUPAGE <YOUR NAME> in the body
                              of your e-mail letter.


NEW-LIST

     This LISTSERV list is the place where new LISTSERV lists are
     announced. (NEW-LIST is a distribution list, not a discussion
     list). If you want to keep up to date on new LISTSERV lists,
     NEW-LIST is for you!

     HOW TO GET IT:

          Through e-mail:     send an e-mail letter to LISTSERV@NDSUVM1.BITNET
                              which says SUBSCRIBE NEW-LIST <YOUR NAME> in
                              the body of your letter.


SPECIAL INTERNET CONNECTIONS

     Also known as "Yanoff's List," this is a list of hundreds of
     Internet resources that are available through e-mail, telnet,
     FTP, Gopher, Finger, and the Web.  This list is ESSENTIAL for
     anyone who wants to be a serious net traveler.

     HOW TO GET IT:

          Through Usenet:     alt.internet.services

          Through FTP:        address: csd4.csd.uwm.edu
                              path: /pub/inet.services.txt

          Through Gopher:     address: csd4.csd.uwm.edu
                              to menu: Remote Information Servers
                              to document: Special Internet Connections

          Through e-mail:     send a blank e-mail letter to
                              inetlist@aug3.augsburg.edu
                              and the address will auto-reply

          Through WWW:        http://www.uwm.edu/Mirror/inet.services.html
                              (this is a document with links to all of the
                              items on the list!)

          Through LISTSERV:   Subscribe to INETLIST@CSD.UWM.EDU
                              (remember to send your subscribe command to
                              the LISTSERV address!!)


DR. BOB'S "ACCESSING THE INTERNET BY E-MAIL"

     For those of you with Level One access to the Internet, you should
     certainly check out this free file. It talks about how to access
     FTP, Archie, Gopher, Veronica, and several other Internet tools
     using nothing but e-mail (btw, this is from Dr. Bob Rankin and *not*
     from my dad -- the Rev. Bob "Bob" Crispen)

     HOW TO GET IT:

          Through e-mail:     Send an e-mail letter to
                              LISTSERV@UBVM.CC.BUFFALO.EDU which says
                              GET INTERNET BY-EMAIL NETTRAIN F=MAIL
                              in the body of your letter.


ARLENE RINALDI's "THE NET: USER GUIDELINES AND NETIQUETTE"

     This is the ULTIMATE Internet netiquette guide, and is required
     reading for any user who wants to keep from making stupid mistakes.

     HOW TO GET IT:

          Through FTP:        address: ftp.lib.berkeley.edu
                              path: /pub/net.training/FAU/Netiquette.txt

          Through Gopher:     address: TRAINMAT.NCL.AC.UK
                              to menu: Networking Guides
                              to menu: Other networking guides ...
                              to document: Rinaldi ...

                              address: GOPHER.IC.MANKATO.MN.US
                              to menu: Information Booth ...
                              to document: Netiquette Explained ...

                              address: ESUSDA.GOV
                              to menu: Internet Services and Information
                              to menu: Using the Internet
                              to document: Netiquette ...

          Through WWW:        http://rs6000.adm.fau.edu/faahr/arlene.html


COMPUTER MEDIATED COMMUNICATION (CMC) SOURCES ON THE INTERNET

     Also known as December's List, this list is FOUR TIMES as long
     as Yanoff's list, and lists pointers to information describing
     the Internet, computer networks, and issues related to computer-
     mediated communication.

     HOW TO GET IT:

          Through Usenet:     alt.internet.services
                              alt.answers
                              news.answers

          Through FTP:        address: ftp.rpi.edu
                              path: /pub/communications/internet-cmc.txt


NETTRAIN REVIEWS

     James Milles, the author of the "Discussion Lists: Mail Server Commands"
     file that I used in MAP06, is also the listowner of the NETTRAIN
     LISTSERV list. NETTRAIN is a discussion list for Internet trainers,
     and these trainers are often asked by James to review some of the
     Internet training books that are available at your local bookstore.

     Before you head off to the bookstore and pay upwards of $25.00 for
     an Internet book, you might want check the NETTRAIN reviews to see
     if the book is REALLY worth the money!

     HOW TO GET IT:

          Through e-mail:     send an e-mail letter to LISTSERV@UBVM.BITNET
                              which says GET NETTRAIN REVIEWS F=MAIL in the
                              body of your letter. This will send you an
                              index of the reviews, and you can then use
                              the GET command to get the review that you
                              want (reviews are stored in 4 different files,
                              so you will need the index to figure out which
                              file you should get).


RICHARD SMITH'S "NAVIGATING THE INTERNET" AND "LET'S GO GOPHERN" WORKSHOPS

     These are the workshops that started it all! Smith's lessons have
     taught thousands, and he was the inspiration for the Roadmap workshop.


     HOW TO GET IT:

          Through FTP:        address: ubvm.cc.buffalo.edu
                              path: /navigate/*
                              or /gophern/*

          Through e-mail:     send an e-mail letter to LISTSERV@UBVM.BITNET
                              which says INDEX NAVIGATE F=MAIL or
                              INDEX GOPHERN F=MAIL and then use the GET
                              command to get the files that you want.

          Through Gopher:     address: wings.buffalo.edu
                              to menu: Access the Internet ...
                              to menu: About the Internet, Gopher, etc.
                              to menu: Navigate the Internet ...
                              or to menu: Let's Go Gopherin' ...

----------------------------------------------------------------------

ROADMAP: Copyright Patrick Crispen 1994, 1995. All rights reserved.

To unsubscribe from any Roadmap workshop, please send an e-mail
letter to LISTSERV@UA1VM.UA.EDU which says UNSUB * in the body
of your letter.

The address that sent this e-mail letter (CRISPEN@UA1VM.UA.EDU) is
actually the address of an automated error processor. Please DO NOT
reply to this e-mail letter as the error processor will consider
your reply to be an error message and will delete your letter unread.
To contact Patrick Crispen, please use my PCRISPE1@UA1VM.UA.EDU
address.


   (\__/)  .~    ~. ))
   /O O  ./      .'               PATRICK DOUGLAS CRISPEN
  {O__,   \    {                   PCRISPE1@UA1VM.UA.EDU
    / .  . )    \                THE UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA
    |-| '-' \    } ))
   .(   _(   )_.'
  '---.~_ _ _&                       Warning: squirrels.

MAP-EXTRA: ADVERTISING ON THE INTERNET


     "They all laughed when I sat down at the piano, but oh!, when I
      began to play ..." -- John Caples, legendary advertisement for
      mail-order piano lessons, 1925


This lesson is not in the syllabus, but I thought it would be a neat
follow-up to MAP09: Spamming and Urban Legends.

Things change rapidly on the net, perhaps no more rapidly than in the
area of advertising, but there are a few general principles that
are likely to stay put for a while.

First, generally speaking, don't.  If you work for a company that makes
a product, you'll draw more flames than orders if you try to use the net
to advertise that product.

ADVERTISING THAT'S OK.

There are a couple of exceptions.  In some musical groups, very few
people will object if you advertise a home-made or home-distributed
recording your band has made (but see below for exceptions).  And if
you have *one* computer or bicycle to sell, it's OK to advertise it in
the appropriate Usenet newsgroup (e.g., misc.forsale.computers.pc-clone,
rec.bicycles.marketplace).  If you have a warehouse full of computers
or bikes and you're in the business of selling them, that's probably
over the line.

A second exception is on the Web.  If your company has a homepage,
websurfers who call it up would be offended if you *didn't* have
information on your products, distributors, and so on.

A third exception is if somebody asks an technical question such
as "Who makes an Ada compiler for the MIL-STD-1750A processor?" it's
generally considered OK to answer "We do" and to give a point of
contact.  Just make sure your posting is information, not ad copy.
Often the person answering will say something like "Blatant commercial
plug:" so he's not accused of being deceptive.

DECEPTION.

Deception is another matter entirely.  There's a new form of
advertising that's showing up on some of the musical newsgroups.
Someone will post a message giving a rave review of the new CD by
group X.  A while later he'll rave about group Y and artist Z.  It
turns out that the only thing he ever has to say are rave reviews
of new CDs.  And all the artists he raves about record for the same
major label.  After not too much detective work it turns out that
our hero works for (now let's not always see the same hands) the
record label.

It's not restricted to musical groups, either.  A well-known
scenario has person A ask a question like "what's the best product
to do W?"  Shortly afterward, person B replies that the new offering
P from R Software solves that problem, is cheap and easy to install,
and everybody should have one.  A while later on another group A
reappears with another question, and sure enough, product Q from R
Software is the answer to the world's ills.

I haven't the slightest idea why a company would risk earning a
reputation for unethical dealings, but if you're sleazy enough to
think these are good ideas, please be aware that there are folks on
the net who delight in exposing scams of this sort, and you'll be
found out in short order.

APPROPRIATE FORUMS.

Sending out e-mail to every LISTSERV and Usenet newsgroup has already
been covered in MAP09 Spamming and Urban Legends.  Don't do it.  There
are companies who sell mailing lists of e-mail addresses.  I find the
prospect of junk-e-mail frightening: there are companies and organizations
who would pull their workers off the net rather than subject them
to such misuse of company resources.

And you hardly need to be told that advertising a bicycle for sale
in rec.arts.marching.drumcorps or talk.politics.tibet is a waste
of time.

But there's a subtler point.  Many of the Usenet hierarchies have a
special "marketplace" newsgroup.  It's safe to assume that any related
group does NOT want ads.  For example, there's a newsgroup called
rec.music.makers.marketplace and it's a good bet that your offer of a
synthesizer for sale will not be welcome on rec.music.makers.synth.

There is a List of Active Newsgroups available on news.answers that
lists the active Usenet newsgroups.  Look there to find out where the
"marketplace" and "forsale" groups are.

When you touch on the sensitive area of advertising it's all too easy
to earn a reputation for being dishonest, when all you really are is
ignorant.  Save your reputation by knowing what the rules are
before you advertise.

RESOURCES.

Net policy and attitudes toward advertising are evolving so rapidly
that his article is virtually guaranteed to be out of date.  Two
articles available on the Unsenet newsgroup news.answers, "swap-guide"
and "Advertising FAQ", discuss some of the cultural issues involved
in buying and selling on the net.

A LISTSERV INET-MARKETING has started in the last few months to discuss
"marketing goods and services in an appropriate way on the Internet".
To join, send a mail message to listproc@einet.net containing

      SUBSCRIBE INET-MARKETING Your Name of Your Organization

----------------------------------------------------------------------

ROADMAP: Copyright Patrick Crispen 1994, 1995. All rights reserved.

To unsubscribe from any Roadmap workshop, please send an e-mail
letter to LISTSERV@UA1VM.UA.EDU which says UNSUB * in the body
of your letter.

The address that sent this e-mail letter (CRISPEN@UA1VM.UA.EDU) is
actually the address of an automated error processor. Please DO NOT
reply to this e-mail letter as the error processor will consider
your reply to be an error message and will delete your letter unread.
To contact Patrick Crispen, please use my PCRISPE1@UA1VM.UA.EDU
address.


   (\__/)  .~    ~. ))
   /O O  ./      .'               PATRICK DOUGLAS CRISPEN
  {O__,   \    {                   PCRISPE1@UA1VM.UA.EDU
    / .  . )    \                THE UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA
    |-| '-' \    } ))
   .(   _(   )_.'
  '---.~_ _ _&                       Warning: squirrels.

From: BobRankin@Delphi.Com (Doctor Bob)
Newsgroups:
alt.internet.services,alt.online-service,alt.bbs.internet,alt.answers,news.a
nswers
Subject: Accessing the Internet by E-Mail FAQ
Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.EDU
Followup-To: poster
Summary: This guide will show you how to retrieve files from FTP sites,
         explore the Internet via Gopher, search for information with
         Archie, Veronica, or WAIS, tap into the World-Wide Web, and
         even access Usenet newsgroups using E-MAIL AS YOUR ONLY TOOL.

Archive-name: internet-services/access-via-email
Posting-Frequency: monthly
Last-modified: 1994/11/30
Version: 3.0


                 Accessing The Internet By E-Mail
           Doctor Bob's Guide to Offline Internet Access
                    3rd Edition - December 1994


              Copyright (c) 1994,  "Doctor Bob" Rankin

   All rights reserved.  Permission is granted to make and distribute
   verbatim copies of this document provided the copyright notice and
   this permission notice are preserved on all copies.  Feel free to
            upload to your favorite BBS or Internet server!


How to Access Internet Services by E-mail
-----------------------------------------

If your only access to the Internet is via e-mail, you don't have to
miss out on all the fun!  Maybe you've heard of FTP, Gopher, Archie,
Veronica, Finger, Whois, WAIS, World-Wide Web, and Usenet but thought
they were out of your reach because your online service does not provide
those tools.  Not so!  And even if you do have full Internet access,
using e-mail servers can save you time and money.

This special report will show you how to retrieve files from FTP sites,
explore the Internet via Gopher, search for information with Archie,
Veronica, or WAIS, tap into the World-Wide Web, and even access Usenet
newsgroups using E-MAIL AS YOUR ONLY TOOL.

If you can send a note to an Internet address, you're in the game!  This
is great news for users of online services where there is partial or no
direct Internet access.  As of late 1994, there were 150 countries with
only e-mail connections to the Internet.  This is double the number of
countries with direct (IP) connections.

I encourage you to read this entire document first and then go back and
try out the techniques that are covered.  This way, you will gain a
broader perspective of the information resources that are available, an
introduction to the tools you can work with, and the best methods for
finding the information you want.


Finding the Latest Version
--------------------------

This document is now available from several automated mail servers.
To get the latest edition, send e-mail to one of the addresses below.

To: listserv@ubvm.cc.buffalo.edu (for US/Canada/etc.)
Leave Subject blank, and enter only this line in the body of the note:
  GET INTERNET BY-EMAIL NETTRAIN F=MAIL

To: mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu (for Eastern US)
Leave Subject blank, and enter only this line in the body of the note:
  send usenet/news.answers/internet-services/access-via-email

To: mailbase@mailbase.ac.uk (for UK/Europe/etc.)
Leave Subject blank, and enter only this line in the body of the note:
  send lis-iis e-access-inet.txt

You can also get the file by anonymous FTP at one of these sites:

Site: ubvm.cc.buffalo.edu
   get NETTRAIN/INTERNET.BY-EMAIL
Site: rtfm.mit.edu
   get pub/usenet/news.answers/internet-services/access-via-email
Site: mailbase.ac.uk
   get pub/lists/lis-iis/files/e-access-inet.txt

Acknowledgements
----------------

This document is continually expanding and improving as a result of the
daily flood of comments and questions received by the author.  The following
individuals are hereby recognized for their contributions.  (If I forgot
anyone, let me know and I'll gladly add you to the list.)

   Miles Baska
   Sylvain Chamberland
   Roddy MacLeod - Engineering Faculty Librarian, Heriot Watt University
   George McMurdo - Queen Margaret College
   Jim Milles - NETTRAIN Moderator, Saint Louis University
   Glee Willis - Engineering Librarian, University of Nevada
   Herman VanUytven - Netnews->Email server developer


A Short Aside... "What is the Internet?"
----------------------------------------

Many introductory texts on the Internet go into excruciating detail on
the history, composition and protocol of the Internet.  If you were
looking for that you won't find it here, because this is a "how to"
lesson, not a history book.

When you buy a new car, they don't make you read "The Life and Times of
Henry Ford" before you can turn the top down and squeal off the lot.
And when you get a new computer, nobody forces you to read a text on
logic design before you fire up Leisure Suit Larry or WordPerfect.

So if you're the type that wants to short-circuit the preliminaries and
just dig in, you've come to the right place.  I'm not going to bore you
with the gory details.  Instead, I'll just offer up my Reader's Digest
condensed definition of the Internet, and encourage you to read more
about the Internet in one of the many fine Internet books and guides
listed in the "Suggested Reading" section.  Some of them are even free,
and accessible directly from the Internet!

Internet (noun) - A sprawling collection of computer networks that spans
the globe, connecting government, military, educational and commercial
institutions, as well as private citizens to a wide range of computer
services, resources, and information.  A set of network conventions and
common tools are employed to give the appearance of a single large
network, even though the computers that are linked together use many
different hardware and software platforms.


The Rules of The Game
---------------------

This document is meant to be both tutorial and practical, so there are
lots of actual commands and internet addresses listed herein.  You'll
notice that when these are included in the text they are indented by
several spaces for clarity.  Don't include the leading spaces when you
try these commands on your own!

You'll also see things like "<file>" or "<name>" appearing in this
document.  Think of these as place holders or variables which must
be replaced with an appropriate value.  Do NOT include the quotes or
brackets in your value unless specifically directed to do so.

Often you'll be told to "send e-mail with a blank subject" to some
address.  This means to simply leave the "Subject:" field blank in
your note.  If your mailer refuses to send messages with a blank
subject, give it some dummy value.  In most cases this will work fine.

Most e-mail servers understand only a small set of commands and are
not very forgiving if you deviate from what they expect.  So include
ONLY the specified commands in the "body" of your note and leave off
any extraneous lines such as your signature, etc.

Pay attention to upper/lower case in directory and file names when
using e-mail servers.  It's almost always important!


                           FTP BY E-MAIL
                           -------------

FTP stands for "file transfer protocol", and is a means of accessing
files that are stored on remote computer systems.  In Internet lingo,
these remote computers are called "sites".  Files at FTP sites are
typically stored in a tree-like set of directories (or nested folders
for Mac fans), each of which pertains to a different subject.

When visiting an FTP site using a "live" internet connection, one would
specify the name of the site, login with a userid & password, navigate
to the desired directory and select one or more files to be transferred
back to their local system.

Using FTP by e-mail is very similar, except that the desired site is
reached through a special "ftpmail server" which logs in to the remote
site and returns the requested files to you in response to a set of
commands in an e-mail message.

Using FTP by e-mail can be nice even for those with full Internet
access, because some popular FTP sites are heavily loaded and
interactive response can be very sluggish.  So it makes sense not to
waste time and connect charges in these cases.

To use FTP by e-mail, you first need a list of FTP "sites" which are the
addresses of the remote computer systems that allow you to retrieve
files anonymously (without having a userid and password on that system).

There are some popular sites listed later in this guide, but you can get
a comprehensive list of hundreds of anonymous FTP sites by sending an
e-mail message to the internet address:

  mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu

with a blank subject and include these lines in the body of the note.

   send usenet/news.answers/ftp-list/sitelist/part1
   send usenet/news.answers/ftp-list/sitelist/part2
   ... (lines omitted for brevity)
   send usenet/news.answers/ftp-list/sitelist/part13
   send usenet/news.answers/ftp-list/sitelist/part14

You will then receive (by e-mail) 14 files which comprise the "FTP Site
List".  Note that these files are each about 60K, so the whole lot will
total over 750K!  This could place a strain on your system, so first
check around to see if the list is already available locally, or
consider requesting just the first few as a sampler before getting the
rest.

Another file you might want to get is "FTP Frequently Asked Questions"
which contains lots more info on using FTP services, so add this line to
your note as well.

   send usenet/news.answers/ftp-list/faq

After you receive the site list you'll see dozens of entries like this,
which tell you the site name, location and the kind of files that are
stored there.

   Site   : oak.oakland.edu
   Country: USA
   Organ  : Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan
   System : Unix
   Comment: Primary Simtel Software Repository mirror
   Files  : BBS lists; ham radio; TCP/IP; Mac; modem protocol info;
            MS-DOS; MS-Windows; PC Blue; PostScript; Simtel-20; Unix

If you find an interesting FTP site in the list, send e-mail to one of
these ftpmail servers:

   ftpmail@sunsite.unc.edu                      (USA/NC)
   bitftp@pucc.princeton.edu                    (USA/NJ)
   bitftp@vm.gmd.de                             (Europe)
   bitftp@plearn.edu.pl                         (Europe)
   ftpmail@doc.ic.ac.uk                         (UK)
   ftpmail@cs.uow.edu.au                        (Australia)

and in the body of the note, include these lines:

   open <site>
   dir
   quit

This will return to you a list of the files stored in the root directory
at that site.  In your next e-mail message you can navigate to other
directories by inserting (for example)

   cd pub

before the "dir" command.  (The "cd" means "change directory" and "pub"
is a common directory name, usually a good place to start.) Once you
determine the name of a file you want to retrieve, use:

   get <name of file>

in the following note instead of the "dir" command.  If the file you
want to retrieve is plain text, this will suffice.  If it's a binary
file (an executable program, compressed file, etc.) you'll need to
insert the command:

   binary

in your note before the "get" command.

OK, let's grab the text of The Declaration of Independence.  Here's the
message you send to ftpmail@sunsite.unc.edu (or another ftpmail server):

   open ftp.eff.org                 (The name of the FTP site)
   cd pub/CAF/civics                (The directory where the file lives)
   get dec_of_ind                   (The name of the file to retrieve)
   quit                             (Beam me up, Scotty!)

Here are the commands you would send to to get a file from the Simtel
Software Repository that was mentioned earlier.

   open oak.oakland.edu             (The name of the FTP site)
   cd SimTel/msdos/bbs              (The directory where the file lives)
   binary                           (Because we're getting a ZIP file)
   get answer2.zip                  (Sounds interesting, anyway...)
   quit                             (We're outta here!)

Some other interesting FTP sites you may want to "visit" are listed below.
(Use these site names on the "open" command and the suggested directory
name on your "cd" command, as in the previous examples.)

   ocf.berkeley.edu    Try: pub/Library for documents, Bible, lyrics, etc.
   rtfm.mit.edu        Try: pub/usenet/news.answers for USENET info
   oak.oakland.edu     Try: SimTel/msdos for a huge DOS software library
   ftp.sura.net        Try: pub/nic for Internet how-to documents
   quartz.rutgers.edu  Try: pub/humor for lots of humor files
   gatekeeper.dec.com  Try: pub/recipes for a cooking & recipe archive

You should note that ftpmail servers tend to be quite busy so your reply
may not arrive for several minutes, hours, or days, depending on when
and where you send your request.  Also, some large files may be split
into smaller pieces and returned to you as multiple messages.

If the file that is returned to you ends up looking something like what
you see below, (the word "begin" with a number and the filename on one
line, followed by a bunch of 61-character lines) it most likely is a
binary file that has been "uuencoded" by the sender.  (This is required
in order to reliably transmit binary files on the Internet.)

    begin 666 answer2.zip
    M4$L#!`H`!@`.`/6H?18.$-Z$F@P```@?```,````5$5,25@S,34N5%A480I[
    M!P8;!KL,2P,)!PL).PD'%@.(!@4.!P8%-@.6%PL*!@@*.P4.%00.%P4*.`4.

You'll need to scrounge up a version of the "uudecode" program for your
operating system (DOS, OS/2, Unix, Mac, etc.) in order to reconstruct the
file.  Most likely you'll find a copy already at your site or in your
service provider's download library, but if not you can use the instructions
in the next section to find out how to search FTP sites for a copy.

One final point to consider...  If your online service charges you to
store e-mail files that are sent to you and you plan to receive some
large files via FTP, it would be wise to handle your "inbasket"
expeditiously to avoid storage costs.


                            ARCHIE BY E-MAIL
                            ----------------

Let's say you know the name of a file, but you have no idea at which FTP
site it might be lurking.  Or maybe you're curious to know if a file
matching a certain naming criteria is available via FTP.  Archie is the
tool you can use to find out.

Archie servers can be thought of as a database of all the anonymous FTP
sites in the world, allowing you to find the site and/or name of a file
to be retrieved.  And using Archie by e-mail can be convenient because
some Archie searches take a LONG time to complete, leaving you to tap
your toes in the meantime.

To use Archie by e-mail, simply send an e-mail message to one of the
following addresses:

   archie@archie.rutgers.edu                    (USA/NJ)
   archie@archie.sura.net                       (USA/MD)
   archie@archie.unl.edu                        (USA/NE)
   archie@archie.doc.ic.ac.uk                   (UK)
   archie@archie.luth.se                        (Sweden)
   archie@archie.kuis.kyoto-u.ac.jp             (Japan)

To obtain detailed help for using Archie by mail, put the word

   help

in the subject of the note and just send it off.  You'll receive e-mail
explaining how to use archie services.

If you're the "just do it" type, then leave the subject blank and enter:

   find <file>

where "<file>" is the name of the file to search for, in the body (not
the subject) of the note.

This will search for files that match your criteria exactly.  If you
want to find files that contain your search criteria anywhere in their
name, insert the line

   set search sub

before the "find" command.  Some other useful archie commands you might
want to use are:

   set maxhits 20             (limit output, default is 100 files)
   set match_domain usa       (restrict output to FTP sites in USA)
   set output_format terse    (return output in condensed form)

When you get the results from your Archie query, it will contain the
names of various sites at which the desired file is located.  Use one of
these site names and the directory/filename listed for your next FTP
file retrieval request.

Now you've learned enough to locate that uudecode utility mentioned in
the last section.  Let's send e-mail to archie@archie.rutgers.edu, and
include the following lines in the message:

   set match_domain usa       (restrict output to FTP sites in USA)
   set search sub             (looking for a substring match...)
   file uudecode              (must contain this string...)

Note: You'll be looking for the uudecode source code, not the executable
version, which would of course be a binary file and would arrive
uuencoded - a Catch 22!  The output of your archie query will contain
lots of information like this:

   Host ftp.clarkson.edu    (128.153.4.2)
   Last updated 06:31  9 Oct 1994

   Location: /pub/simtel20-cdrom/msdos/starter
   FILE    -r-xr-xr-x    5572 bytes  21:00 11 Mar 1991  uudecode.bas

   Location: /pub/simtel20-cdrom/msdos/starter
   FILE    -r-xr-xr-x    5349 bytes  20:00 17 Apr 1991  uudecode.c


Now you can use an ftpmail server to request "uudecode.bas" (if you have
BASIC available) or "uudecode.c" (if you have a C compiler) from the
ftp.clarkson.edu site.


                            GOPHER BY E-MAIL
                            ----------------

Gopher is an excellent tool for exploring the Internet and is the best
way to find a resource if you know what you want, but not where to find
it.  A gopher system is menu-based, and provides a user-friendly
"front-end" to Internet resources, searches and information retrieval.
Without a tool like Gopher, you'd have to wander aimlessly through the
Internet jungles and swamps to find the treasures you seek.  Gopher
"knows where things are" and guides you to the good stuff.

Gopher takes the rough edges off of the Internet by automating remote
logins, hiding the sometimes-cryptic command sequences, and offers
powerful search capabilities as well.  And of course you can use
Gopher by e-mail!

Although not every item on every menu will be accessible by "gopher
mail", you'll still find plenty of interesting things using this
technique.  Down to brass tacks...  let's send e-mail to one of these
addresses:

   gophermail@calvin.edu                  (USA)
   gopher@earn.net                        (France)
   gopher@dsv.su.se                       (Sweden)
   gomail@ncc.go.jp                       (Japan)

Leave the Subject blank, enter HELP in the body of the note, and let it
rip.  You'll soon receive by e-mail the text of the main menu at the
gophermail site you selected.  (You can optionally specify the address
of a known gopher site on the Subject line to get the main menu for that
site instead.)

To proceed to a selection on the returned menu just e-mail the whole
text of the note (from the menu downwards) back to the gopher server,
placing an "x" next to the items(s) you want to explore.  You'll then
receive the next level of the gopher menu by e-mail.  Some menu choices
lead to other menus, some lead to text files, and some lead to searches.

To perform a search, select that menu item with an "x" and supply your
search words in the Subject: of your next reply.  Note that your search
criteria can be a single word or a boolean expression such as:

   document and (historical or government)

Each of the results (the "hits") of your search will be displayed as
an entry on yet another gopher menu!

Note: You needn't actually return the entire gopher menu and all the
routing info that follows it each time you reply to the gophermail
server.  If you want to minimize the size of your query, you can strip
out the "menu" portion at the top and include only the portion below
that pertains to the menu selection you want.  The example that follows
shows how to select one specific item from a gopher menu:

   ------- begin gophermail message (do not include this line)
   Split=0 bytes/message - For text, bin, HQX messages (0 = No split)
   Menu=0 items/message - For menus and query responses (0 = No split)
   #
   Name=EE Telecommunication Overview
   Type=0
   Port=70
   Path=0/.d-f/eetel.info
   Host=nceet.snre.umich.edu
   ------- end gophermail message (do not include this line)

If this message looks like nonsense to you, here's a human translation:

   Connect to PORT 70 of the HOST (computer) at "nceet.snre.umich.edu",
   retrieve the FILE "eetel.info" (whose NAME is "EE Telecommunication
   Overview") and send it to me in ONE PIECE, regardless of its size.

Note: Sometimes gophermail requests return a blank menu or message.  This
is most likely because the server failed to connect to the host from which
you were trying to get your information.  Send your request again later
and it'll probably work.


                            VERONICA BY E-MAIL
                            ------------------

Speaking of searches, this is a good time to mention Veronica.  Just
as Archie provides a searchable index of FTP sites, Veronica provides
this function for "gopherspace".  Veronica will ask you what you want to
look for (your search words) and then display another menu listing all
the gopher menu items that match your search.  In typical gopher
fashion, you can then select one of these items and "go-pher it"!

To try Veronica by e-mail, retrieve the main menu from a gophermail server
using the method just described.  Then try the choice labelled "Other
Gopher and Information Servers".  This menu will have an entry for
Veronica.

You'll have to select one (or more) Veronica servers to handle your
query, specifying the search words in the Subject of your reply.  Here's
another example of where using e-mail servers can save time and money.
Often the Veronica servers are very busy and tell you to "try again
later".  So select 2 or 3 servers, and chances are one of them will be
able to handle your request the first time around.

A Gophermail Shortcut:
----------------------

The path to some resources, files or databases can be a bit tedious,
requiring several e-mail messages to the gophermail server.  But here's
the good news...  If you've done it once, you can re-use any of the
e-mail messages previously sent in, changing it to suit your current
needs.  As an example, here's a clipping from the Veronica menu you would
get by following the previous instructions.  You can send these lines to
any gophermail server to run a Veronica search.

   Split=64K bytes/message <- For text, bin, HQX messages (0 = No split)
   Menu=100 items/message <- For menus and query responses (0 = No split)
   #
   Name=Search GopherSpace by Title word(s) (via NYSERNet)
   Type=7
   Port=2347
   Path=
   Host=empire.nysernet.org

Specify the search words in the Subject line and see what turns up!


                             USENET BY E-MAIL
                             ----------------

Usenet is a collection of over 5000 discussion groups on every topic
imaginable.  In order to get a proper start and avoid embarrasing
yourself needlessly, you must read the Usenet new users intro document,
which can be obtained by sending e-mail to:

   mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu

with blank subject and including this line in the body of the note:

   send usenet/news.answers/news-newusers-intro

To get a listing of Usenet newsgroups, add these commands to your note:

   send usenet/news.answers/active-newsgroups/part1
   send usenet/news.answers/active-newsgroups/part2
   send usenet/news.answers/alt-hierarchies/part1
   send usenet/news.answers/alt-hierarchies/part2

Once you've handled the preliminaries, you'll need to know how to read
and contribute to Usenet newsgroups by e-mail.  To read a newsgroup, you
can use the gophermail service discussed earlier in this guide.

To obtain a list of recent postings to a particular newsgroup, send the
following lines to one of the gophermail servers mentioned previously.
Leave "Subject" blank and include only these lines in the message body.

(You must replace "<groupname>" below with the name of the Usenet
newsgroup you wish to access.  eg: alt.answers, biz.comp.services,
news.newusers.questions, etc.)

   ------- begin gophermail message (do not include this line)
   Type=1
   Port=4320
   Path=nntp ls <groupname>
   Host=info-server.lanl.gov
   ------- end gophermail message (do not include this line)

The gophermail server will send you a typical gopher menu on which you
may select the individual postings you wish to read.

Note: The gophermail query in this example is the greatly edited result of
many previous queries.  I've pared it down to the bare essentials so
it can be tailored and reused.

If you decide to make a post of your own,  mail the text of your post to:

   newsgroup.name.usenet@decwrl.dec.com         (USA)
   newsgroup.name@news.demon.co.uk              (UK)

For example, to post to news.newusers.questions, you would send your
message to one of:

   news.newusers.questions.usenet@decwrl.dec.com
   news.newusers.questions@news.demon.co.uk

Be sure to include an appropriate Subject: line, and to include your real
name and e-mail address at the close of your note.

An Alternative Usenet->E-mail Method
------------------------------------

Another way to get Usenet postings by e-mail is via a special server in
Belgium.  It's a bit easier than the gophermail approach, but it carries
only a subset (about 1000) of the Usenet groups.  Send e-mail to:

  listserv@cc1.kuleuven.ac.be

with this command in the body of the note:

   /NNHELP

and you'll get complete details.  If you can't wait, send the command

   /NEWSGROUPS

to get a list of the newsgroups available on the server.  If you're even
more impatient, try something like:

   /GROUP comp.unix.aix SINCE 19941215000000

and you should get a list of postings made from 15 Dec 1994 onward.

Yet Another Usenet->E-mail Method!
----------------------------------

See the section "World-Wide Web By E-Mail" for an even easier method of
retrieving Usenet posts by e-mail!  This method is limited to the set of
newsgroups carried at the CERN server, but the selection seems to be
quite comprehensive.


                          WAIS SEARCHES BY E-MAIL
                          -----------------------

WAIS stands for Wide Area Information Service, and is a means of
searching a set of over 500 indexed databases.  The range of topics is
too broad to mention, and besides, you'll soon learn how to get the
topic list for yourself!

I recommend that you send e-mail to "waismail@quake.think.com" with HELP
in the body of the note to get the full WAISmail user guide.  But if you
can't wait, use the info below as a quickstart.

A list of WAIS databases (or "resources" as they like to be called) can be
obtained by sending e-mail to "waismail@quake.think.com" with the line

   search xxx xxx

in the body of the note.  Look through the returned list for topics that
are of interest to you and use one of them in the next example.

OK, let's do an actual search.  Send e-mail to:

   waismail@quake.think.com

with the following commands in the note body:

   maxres 10
   search bible flood

This will tell WAISmail to search through the text of the "bible"
database and return a list of at most 10 documents containing "flood".

You will receive an e-mail response something like this:

   From: WAISmail@Think.COM
   Searching: bible
   Keywords: flood

   Result # 1 Score:1000 lines:  0 bytes:   3556 Date:910101 Type: TEXT
   Headline: Genesis: Chapter 9  9:1 And God blessed Noah and his sons...
   DocID: 0000000457KJV :cmns-moon.think.com@cmns-moon.think.com:210%TEXT

To retrieve the full text of a matching document, just use one the
returned "DOCid:" lines exactly as is.  So your next e-mail to WAISmail
would be:

   DocID: 0000000457KJV :cmns-moon.think.com@cmns-moon.think.com:210%TEXT

This will cause the referenced "document" to be sent to you by e-mail.


World-Wide Web By E-Mail
------------------------

The World-Wide Web is touted as the future of Internet navigational
tools.  It's a hypertext and multimedia system that lets you hop around
the Net, read documents, and access images & sounds linked to a source.

Have you ever heard someone say, "Wow, check out the cool stuff at
http://www.somewhere.com/blah.html" and wondered what the heck they
were talking about?  Now you can retrieve WWW documents using e-mail!

All you need to know is the URL (that long ugly string starting with
"http:", "gopher:", or "ftp:") which defines the address of the
document, and you can retrieve it by sending e-mail to either of:

   listserv@www0.cern.ch
   listproc@www0.cern.ch

In the body of your note include one of these lines, replacing "<URL>"
with the actual URL specification.

   send <URL>

This will send you back the document you requested, with a list of all
the documents referenced within, so that you may make further requests.

   deep <URL>

Same as above, but it will also send you the documents referenced in
the URL you specified.  (May result in a LOT of data coming your way!)

To try WWW by e-mail send the following command to listproc@www0.cern.ch :

   send http://info.cern.ch

You'll receive in due course the "WWW Welcome Page" from Cern which will
include references to other Web documents you'll want to explore.

As mentioned earlier, you can also get Usenet postings from the WWW
mail server. Here are some examples:

   send news:comp.unix.aix            (returns a list of recent postings)
   deep news:comp.unix.aix            (returns the list AND the postings)

Note: The URL you specify may contain only the following characters:
a-z, A-Z, 0-9, and these special characters /:._-+@%*()?~

There is another WWW-mail server whose address is:

   webmail@curia.ucc.ie

This server requires commands in the form:

   go <URL>


                              MAILING LISTS
                              -------------

There are literally thousands of discussion groups that stay in touch
using e-mail based systems known as "mailing lists".  People interested
in a topic "subscribe" to a "list" and then send and receive postings by
e-mail.  For a good introduction to this topic, send e-mail to:

   LISTSERV@vm1.nodak.edu

In the body of your note include only this command:

   GET NEW-LIST WOUTERS

Finding a Mailing List
----------------------

To find out about mailing lists that are relevant to your interests,
send the following command to the same address given above.

   LIST GLOBAL /keyword

(Of course you must replace "keyword" with an appropriate search word
such as Marketing, Education, etc.)

Another helpful document which details the commands used to subscribe,
unsubscribe and search mailing list archives can be had by sending to:

   LISTSERV@ubvm.cc.buffalo.edu

In the body of your note include only this command:

   get mailser cmd nettrain f=mail

New in These Parts?
-------------------

If you're new to the Internet, I suggest you subscribe to the HELP-NET list
where you're likely to find answers to your questions.  Send the command:

   SUBSCRIBE HELP-NET Firstname Lastname

to LISTSERV@VM.TEMPLE.EDU, then e-mail your questions to the list address:

   HELP-NET@VM.TEMPLE.EDU


                               FINGER BY E-MAIL
                               ----------------

"Finger" is a utility that returns information about another user.
Usually it's just boring stuff like last logon, etc., but sometimes
people put fun or useful information in their finger replies.  To try
out finger, send e-mail with

   Subject: FINGER jtchern@headcrash.berkeley.edu.
   To: infobot@infomania.com

You'll receive some current sports standings!  (The general form is
FINGER user@site.)

Just for kicks, try finger using a combination of gopher and WWW.  Send
the command:

   send gopher://<site>:79/0<user>

to the WWWmail server mentioned earlier.


                     "DIRECTORY ASSISTANCE" BY E-MAIL
                     --------------------------------

"Whois" is a service that queries a database of Internet names and
addresses.  If you're looking for someone or you want to know where
a particular computer is located, send e-mail with

   Subject: whois <name>
   To: mailserv@internic.net

Try substituting "mit.edu" or the last name of someone you know in place
of "<name>" and see what comes back!

Another alternative name looker-upper is a database at MIT which keeps
tabs on everyone who has posted a message on Usenet.  Send e-mail with
a blank subject to "mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu" and include this command
ONLY in the note body:

   send usenet-addresses/<name>

Specify as much information as you can about the person (lastname,
firstname, userid, site, etc.) to limit the amount of information that
is returned to you.  Here's a sample query to find the address of
someone you think may be at Harvard University:

   send usenet-addresses/Jane Doe Harvard


                           A FEW NET-GOODIES
                           -----------------

Here are some other interesting things you can do by e-mail.  (Some of
them are accessible only by e-mail!)

* WEBSTER BY E-MAIL
Don't have your dictionary handy?  Send e-mail to infobot@infomania.com
again, but this time make the subject WEBSTER TEST and you'll get a
definition of the word "test" in reply.

* ALMANAC, WEATHER & THE SWEDISH CHEF
Infomania offers a bunch of other services by e-mail!  Almanac
(daily updates), Weather, CD Music Catalog, etc. Send e-mail to
infobot@infomania.com with subject HELP for full details.

* THE ELECTRONIC NEWSSTAND
The Electronic Newsstand collects articles, editorials, and tables of
contents from over 165 magazines and provides them to the Internet. To get
instructions on e-mail access, send a blank message to gophermail@enews.com

* U.S. CONGRESS AND THE WHITE HOUSE
Find out if your congressman has an electronic address!  Just send mail
to the address congress@hr.house.gov and you'll get a listing of
congressional e-mail addresses.

You can also contact the President (president@whitehouse.gov) or Vice
President (vice.president@whitehouse.gov), but don't expect a reply by
e-mail.  Messages sent to these addresses get printed out and handled
just like regular paper correspondence!

* USENET SEARCHES
A new service at Stanford University makes it possible to search USENET
newsgroups for postings that contain keywords of interest to you.  You
can even "subscribe" and receive a daily list of newsgroup postings that
match your search criteria.  Send mail to netnews@db.stanford.edu with
blank subject and HELP in the body of note for full details.

* MOVIE INFO
To learn how to get tons of info on movies, actors, directors, etc.
Send mail to movie@ibmpcug.co.uk with blank subject and HELP in the body
of note for full details.

* STOCK MARKET REPORT
Send e-mail with subject STOCK MARKET QUOTES to martin.wong@eng.sun.com
and you'll receive a rather lengthy stock market report (every day until
you ask Martin to stop sending them)!  Please note that this is not an
automated server, so be sure to include a word of appreciation for this
useful service.

* STOCK MARKET QUOTES
If you want to get a current quote for just 1 or 2 stocks, you can use
the QuoteCom service.  They offer this free service along with other fee
based services.  For details, send e-mail to "services@quote.com" with a
subject of HELP.

* ANONYMOUS E-MAIL
The "anon server" provides a front for sending mail messages and posting
to Usenet newsgroups anonymously, should the need ever arise.  To get
complete instructions, send e-mail to:

   help@anon.penet.fi                               (English version)
   german@anon.penet.fi  or deutsch@anon.penet.fi   (German version)
   italian@anon.penet.fi or italiano@anon.penet.fi  (Italian version)

* NET JOURNALS LISTING
I highly recommend "The Internet Press - A guide to electronic journals
about the Internet".  To get it, send e-mail with Subject: send ipress to
savetz@rahul.net.  Be sure to check out Scout Report & Netsurfer Digest!

SCOUT REPORT: Forget building campfires. Scout Report is a weekly
featuring new resource announcements. News reports about the net were
promised but are pretty lean. Put out by gods at InterNIC.
E-MAIL - To:      majordomo@is.internic.net
         Subject: Ignored
         Body:   Subscribe scout-report

                           SUGGESTED READING
                           -----------------

There are lots of good books and guides to help you get started on the
Internet, and here are some that I recommend.  The first few are free
(FTPmail commands listed below), and the others can be found in most
bookstores that carry computer-related books.

"Zen and the Art of the Internet", by Brendan Kehoe
   open ftp.std.com
   cd obi/Internet/zen-1.0
   get zen10.txt

"There's Gold in them thar Networks", by Jerry Martin
   open nic.ddn.mil
   cd rfc
   get rfc1402.txt

"Unofficial Internet Book List", by Kevin Savetz
   open rtfm.mit.edu
   cd pub/usenet/news.answers/internet-services
   get book-list


"The Whole Internet User's Guide and Catalog", by Ed Krol
   Publisher: O'Reilly and Associates
   ISBN: 1-56592-063-5
   Price: $24.95

"The Big Dummy's Guide to the Internet", by Adam Gaffin
   Publisher: MIT Press
   ISBN: 0-262-57105-6
   Price: $14.95

"The Internet for Dummies", by John Levine and Carol Baroudi
   Publisher: IDG Books
   ISBN: 1-56884-024-1
   Price: $19.95


                          CONTACTING THE AUTHOR
                          ---------------------

"Doctor Bob", also known as Bob Rankin, welcomes your feedback on this
guide and can be reached at the following addresses.  Send corrections,
ideas, suggestions and comments by e-mail.  I'll try to include any new
e-mail services in future editions of this guide.

Internet:  BobRankin@Delphi.com
US Mail :  Doctor Bob / P.O. Box 39 / Tillson, NY / 12486


                  MORE PUBLICATIONS FROM DOCTOR BOB!
                  ----------------------------------

                             Announcing ...

           +------------------------------------------------+
           |    "100 COOL THINGS TO DO ON THE INTERNET!"    |
           |        Doctor Bob's Internet Tour Guide        |
           | Over 100 places you *must* visit in cyberspace |
           +------------------------------------------------+

This is the guide I wanted when the Internet was new to me.  Just a
quick overview of the "tools of the trade" and a list of "cool things to
do".  Not 300 pages...  And not $39!  This information could save you
money, hours of valuable time, or lead you to a new career.

There's a goldmine of information, software and services out there just
waiting to be discovered!  It can be yours, but it's not easy...  That's
why you must have this informative report which gives you the lowdown on:

* Online databases          * Electronic Library Catalogs
* Shopping in Cyberspace    * Job Postings Online
* Vast software libraries   * ALL FREE!

You'll learn the basics of TELNETing, FTPing and GOPHERing to the
information you want, with specific instructions and the "secret keys"
you need to unlock all the doors on the way!


          +------------------------------------------------+
          |     Doctor Bob's Internet Business Guide       |
          |            An Introduction to Good             |
          |    Old-Fashioned Capitalism In Cyberspace      |
          +------------------------------------------------+

There are those who say that the Internet should be free of capitalism,
commerce, advertising and anything that smells like "business".

But there ARE ways to conduct business on the 'Net without raising the ire
of the inhabitants of the electronic domain.  You can lower costs, make
money and even get thanked for providing your service if you know how to
do it right!

I can't promise that you'll make lots of money selling your product or
service, but I'm certain that after you've read this guide, you will have
a better understanding of:

* Internet Tools & Techniques      * Business Resources on the Net
* Setting Up Shop on the Net       * Avoiding Net Marketing Pitfalls
* What business are on the Net     * Getting paid for your product


          To get your copy of:

  "100 COOL THINGS TO DO ON THE INTERNET!"
                   - or -
   "DOCTOR BOB'S INTERNET BUSINESS GUIDE"

Send just $5 each (cash, check or money order) plus a self-addressed,
stamped envelope to:

 -->  DOCTOR BOB
 -->  PO BOX 39, DEPT U3
 -->  TILLSON, NY 12486  USA

Outside the USA:  Skip the stamp, but please add $1 for postage.
And if it's too difficult to get US funds, send 12 International
Postal Coupons in lieu of payment.

I also accept NetCash!  For details on electronic payment, send e-mail
to netbank-info@agents.com with the keyword "netbank-intro" (minus the
quotes) on the first line of your note.

----------------------------------------------------------------------

                Copyright (c) 1994,  "Doctor Bob" Rankin

   All rights reserved.  Permission is granted to make and distribute
   verbatim copies of this document provided the copyright notice and
   this permission notice are preserved on all copies.  Feel free to
            upload to your favorite BBS or Internet server!


MAP26: IRC/MUDs/MOOs AND OTHER "TALKERS"


     "The future ain't what it used to be." -- Lawrence Peter "Yogi"
      Berra, attributed


I was trying to decide what I should write about IRC when I realized
that "the EFF's Guide to the Internet" probably had the most complete
discussion on IRC I have ever seen.

>From the EFF's Guide to the Internet:

Many Net systems provide access to a series of interactive
services that let you hold live "chats" or play online games with
people around the world.  To find out if your host system offers
these, you can ask your system administrator or just try them -- if
nothing happens, then your system does not provide them.  In general,
if you can use telnet and ftp, chances are good you can use these
services as well.

One of the most popular "chat" programs is Internet Relay Chat (IRC).

IRC is a program that lets you hold live keyboard conversations
with people around the world.  It's a lot like an international CB
radio  - it even uses 'channels.'  Type something on your computer and
it's instantly echoed around the world to whoever happens to be on the
same channel with you.  You can join in existing public group chats or
set up your own.  You can even create a private channel for yourself
and as few as one or two other people.  And just like on a CB radio,
you can give yourself a unique "handle" or nickname.

IRC currently links host systems in 20 different countries, from
Australia to Hong Kong to Israel.  Unfortunately, it's like telnet --
either your site has it or it doesn't.  If your host system does have it,
Just type

               irc

and hit enter.  You'll get something like this:


     *** Connecting to port 6667 of server world.std.com
     *** Welcome to the Internet Relay Network, adamg
     *** Your host is world.std.com, running version 2.7.1e+4
     *** You have new mail.
     *** If you have not already done so, please read the new user information
     *** with +/HELP NEWUSER
     *** This server was created Sat Apr 18 1992 at 16:27:02 EDT
     *** There are 364 users on 140 servers
     *** 45 users have connection to the twilight zone
     *** There are 124 channels.
     *** I have 1 clients and 3 servers
     MOTD - world.std.com Message of the Day -
     MOTD - Be careful out there...
     MOTD -
     MOTD - ->Spike
     * End of /MOTD command.
     ... snip snip snip ...


You are now in channel 0, the "null" channel, in which you can look
up various help files, but not much else. As you can see, IRC takes over
your entire screen.  The top of the screen is where messages will
appear.  The last line is where you type IRC commands and messages.  All
IRC commands begin with a /.  The slash tells the computer you are about
to enter a command, rather than a message. To see what channels are
available, type

                /list

and hit enter.  You'll get something like this:


     *** Channel    Users  Topic
     *** #Money     1      School CA$H (/msg SOS_AID help)
     *** #Gone      1      ----->> Gone with the wind!!!  ------>>>>>
     *** #mee       1
     *** #eclipse   1
     *** #hiya      2
     *** #saigon    4
     *** #screwed   3
     *** #z         2
     *** #comix     1      LET'S TALK 'BOUT COMIX!!!!!
     *** #Drama     1
     *** #RayTrace  1      Rendering to Reality and Back
     *** #NeXT      1
     *** #wicca     4      Mr. Potato Head, R. I. P.
     *** #dde^mhe`  1      no'ng chay? mo*? ...ba` con o*iiii
     *** #jgm       1
     *** #ucd       1
     *** #Maine     2
     *** #Snuffland 1
     *** #p/g!      4
     *** #DragonSrv 1


Because IRC allows for a large number of channels, the list might
scroll off your screen, so you might want to turn on your computer's
screen capture to capture the entire list.  Note that the channels
always have names, instead of numbers.  Each line in the listing tells
you the channel name, the number of people currently in it, and whether
there's a specific topic for it.  To switch to a particular channel,
type

                /join #channel

where "#channel" is the channel name and hit enter.  Some "public"
channels actually require an invitation from somebody already on it.  To
request an invitation, type

                /who #channel-name

where channel-name is the name of the channel, and hit enter.  Then ask
someone with an @ next to their name if you can join in.  Note that
whenever you enter a channel, you have to include the #.  Choose one
with a number of users, so you can see IRC in action.

If it's a busy channel, as soon as you join it, the top of your
screen will quickly be filled with messages.  Each will start with a
person's IRC nickname, followed by his message.

It may seem awfully confusing at first.  There could be two or
three conversations going on at the same time and sometimes the
messages will come in so fast you'll wonder how you can read them all.

Eventually, though, you'll get into the rhythm of the channel and
things will begin to make more sense.  You might even want to add your
two cents (in fact, don't be surprised if a message to you shows up on
your screen right away; on some channels, newcomers are welcomed
immediately).  To enter a public message, simply type it on that bottom
line (the computer knows it's a message because you haven't started the
line with a slash) and hit enter.

Public messages have a user's nickname in brackets, like this:

                <tomg>

If you receive a private message from somebody, his name will be
between asterisks, like this:

                *tomg*

Here are a few IRC commands that will probably come in handy:

     /away         When you're called away to put out a grease fire
                   in the kitchen, issue this command to let others know
                   you're still connected but just away from your terminal
                   or computer for awhile.

     /help         Brings up a list of commands for which there is a help
                   file. You will get a "topic:" prompt.  Type in the
                   subject for which you want information and hit enter.
                   Hit enter by itself to exit help.

     /invite       Asks another IRC to join you in a conversation.

                             /invite fleepo #hottub

                   would send a message to fleepo asking him to join you on
                   the #hottub channel.  The channel name is optional.

     /join         Use this to switch to or create a particular channel,
                   like this:

                             /join #hottub

                   If one of these channels exists and is not a private
                   one, you will enter it.  Otherwise, you have just
                   created it. Note you have to use a # as the first
                   character.

     /list         This will give you a list of all available public
                   channels, their topics (if any) and the number of users
                   currently on them.  Hidden and private channels are not
                   shown.

     /m name       Send a private message to that user.

     /mode         This lets you determine who can join a channel you've
                   created.

                             /mode #channel +s

                   creates a secret channel.

                             /mode #channel +p

                   makes the channel private

     /nick         This lets you change the name by which others see you.

                             /nick fleepo

                   would change your name for the present session to
                   fleepo. People can still use /whois to find your e-mail
                   address.  If you try to enter a channel where somebody
                   else is already using that nickname, IRC will ask you to
                   select another name.

     /query        This sets up a private conversation between you and
                   another IRC user.  To do this, type

                             /query nickname

                   Every message you type after that will go only to that
                   person.  If she then types

                            /query nickname

                   where nickname is yours, then you have established a
                   private conversation.  To exit this mode, type

                            /query

                   by itself.  While in query mode, you and the other
                   person can continue to "listen" to the discussion on
                   whatever public channels you were on, although neither
                   of you will be able to respond to any of the messages
                   there.

     /quit         Exit IRC.

     /signoff      Exit IRC.

     /summon       Asks somebody connected to a host system with IRC to
                   join you on IRC. You must use the person's entire e-mail
                   address.

                             /summon fleepo@foo.bar.com

                   would send a message to fleepo asking him to start IRC.
                   Usually not a good idea to just summon people unless you
                   know they're already amenable to the idea; otherwise you
                   may wind up annoying them no end. This command does not
                   work on all sites.

     /topic        When you've started a new channel, use this command to let
                   others know what it's about.

                             /topic #Amiga

                   would tell people who use /list that your channel is meant
                   for discussing Amiga computers.

     /who <chan>   Shows you the e-mail address of people on a particular
                   channel.

                             /who #foo

                   would show you the addresses of everybody on channel foo.

                             /who

                   by itself shows you every e-mail address for every person
                   on IRC at the time, although be careful: on a busy night
                   you might get a list of 500 names!

     /whois        Use this to get some information about a specific IRC
                   user or to see who is online.

                             /whois nickname

                   will give you the e-mail address for the person using
                   that nickname.

                             /whois *

                   will list everybody on every channel.

     /whowas       Similar to /whois; gives information for people who
                   recently signed off IRC.


IRC has become a new medium for staying on top of really big
breaking news.  In 1993, when Russian lawmakers barricaded themselves
inside the parliament building, some enterprising Muscovites and a couple
of Americans set up a "news channel" on IRC to relay first-person
accounts direct from Moscow. The channel was set up to provide a
continuous loop of information, much like all-news radio stations that
cycle through the day's news every 20 minutes.  In 1994, Los Angeles
residents set up a similar channel to relay information related to the
Northridge earthquake.  In both cases, logs of the channels were archived
somewhere on the Net, for those unable to "tune in" live.

How would you find such channels in the future?  Use the /list
command to scroll through the available channels.  If one has been set up
to discuss a particular breaking event, chances are you'll see a brief
description next to the channel name that will tell you that's the place
to tune. (1)

-----

Now some words from me:

If you site does not allow you to access IRC, there is still a way that
you can access other types of "talkers." All you have to do is telnet
into a MUD or a MOO.

"MUDs" are Multi-user Dungeons (or Multiple User Devices), and they were
originally created so that Dungeons and Dragons player could role play
in real-time with other players around the world.

MUDs are no longer limited to dragon-slaying, though. A large number of
MUDs have been set up for teaching purposes -- imagine my teaching Roadmap
*real time*, where you would see what I type as I type it -- and there
are even social MUDS where you can just sit and talk with people around
the world.

A list of the telnet addresses for several MUDs can be found in Yanoff's
List (which I told you about the other day). Most MUDs commands are
different from IRC commands -- the *commands* are different, but the basic
functions are identical -- but you will soon find that most MUDs have
an EXTENSIVE help menu system.

MOOs are "MUDs: Object-Oriented," and they are "text-based virtual reality
adventures." (2) It's hard to explain ... you'll just have to check it out.

There are four warnings that I want to give you about *all* of the "talkers":

     1. IRC, MUDs and MOOs are time *SPONGES*! They will suck up all of
        your time if you are not careful (I speak from experience --
        I have over 2 *DAYS* (that's 48 hours plus) login time on one
        of the social MUDs ... and that's only since June of this year!!)

     2. Most Internet service providers frown on your using their system
        to access a "chat" service during business hours (for obvious
        reasons). Please check to see what your provider's policies are
        *BEFORE* you join a talker.

     3. Chat services seem to be a magnet for liars. People pretend to be
        more than they are, and they will say whatever is necessary to boost
        their own "image." Please be careful, and consider EVERYTHING that
        you hear over a talker to be, at best, an exaggeration or, at worst,
        a bald-faced lie.

     4. If you see someone on one of the social MUDs named SimGod
        who says "ROLL TIDE" a lot, watch out ... he's a squirrel :)


SOURCES:

     (1) The EFF's Guide to the Internet, reprinted by permission
     (2) Internet User's Glossary at Gopher dewey.lib.ncsu.edu using
         the keyword: MUD

----------------------------------------------------------------------

ROADMAP: Copyright Patrick Crispen 1994, 1995. All rights reserved.

To unsubscribe from any Roadmap workshop, please send an e-mail
letter to LISTSERV@UA1VM.UA.EDU which says UNSUB * in the body
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   /O O  ./      .'               PATRICK DOUGLAS CRISPEN
  {O__,   \    {                   PCRISPE1@UA1VM.UA.EDU
    / .  . )    \                THE UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA
    |-| '-' \    } ))
   .(   _(   )_.'
  '---.~_ _ _&                       Warning: squirrels.

MAP-EXTRA: GUEST LECTURE

As we bring the Roadmap workshop to a close, I want to give you an
opportunity to think about what role the Internet will play in
education in the years to come.

I can think of no better person to speak on this topic than
Richard Smith.

"Richard Smith discovered the information resources of the Internet
while doing work as a Ph.D. student at the University of Pittsburgh.
He taught the use of the Internet in graduate courses and followed
these by giving workshops called "Navigating the Internet" in 1991.

In the summer of 1992, Smith decided to offer a course on Internet
training -- over the Internet -- hoping to get 30 or 40 people to
participate. A total of 864 people from more than 20 countries
registered for his "Navigating the Internet: An Interactive Workshop."
A second workshop drew more than 15,000 participants from more than
50 countries.

The result of these ground-breaking international workshops is that
Smith has trained literally thousands of people around the world in how
to use Internet resources. This led to Smith being dubbed the "Internet
Mentor" in the January 1993 issue of American Libraries. He plans to
do bigger and better Internet workshops in the future because he enjoys
offering a service that is much needed and appreciated." (1)

Ladies and Gentlemen, I am proud to introduce *my* mentor, Richard Smith:

-----

Patrick Crispen asked me to write a segment for his Roadmap
distance education workshop.  I'd like to give some general
thoughts on this new form of distance education and the new
technologies that are becoming a prominent force in the education
community.

Vice President Al Gore speaks about building an information
superhighway that will keep the United States competitive in the
world of growing high technology.  The National Information
Infostructure (NII) is already in the making which will include
present computer, television and telephone, and telecommunication
technology, and promises that it will be available to everyone as
every classroom, library, hospital and clinic in the country should
have access to the network. (Recently Post Offices!) It is now so
common that the comic strip Outland makes fun of it with their
cyberpunk characters and MTV, Nightline, FX and other commercial
entities are now on-line.

This new means of communications is predicted to change the pattern
of scholarly work.  From the computer at home or office the
educator can now access hundreds of library catalogs, journal
indexes, reference books, full text books and journal articles,
major art exhibits, employment notices, or federal government
information.  Communication with colleagues on topics as diverse as
diabetes research, history of the Ancient Mediterranean, women in
science and engineering, university administration or the
Pittsburgh Pirates take place daily. There are thousands of
discussion groups available on almost any imaginable topic.

While this network of networks has its beginnings in the 1970's, it
is only recently that this communication phenomenon has expanded
beyond the computer and information science fields.  Today
librarians, health professionals, historians, lawyers, and many
other professionals are finding the Internet a valuable research
and education tool; the largest growing segment of the Internet
community is commercial firms.

Yet an important impact of this network has yet to be developed--
the delivery of information in formal education.  There is now
being generated formal credited courses via the Internet that may
change the way that current distant education or distant learning
takes place.  This aspect of distance education will continue to
grow as the number of schools equipped with telecommunications
equipment and computers increase and costs of such equipment
decreases.

An initial attempt to use this network for education was an
experimental course attempted two years ago.  In the summer of 1992
I decided to offer a workshop on how to use this network, not in a
classroom or at a conference, but on-line over the Internet itself.
I expected 30 to 40 people to sign up and ended up with 864
participants.  The class consisted of e-mail instructions  for
accessing Internet resources and what to do once access was
achieved.  In theory, a person would read the e-mail in the morning
and follow the instructions for an hour to master the particular
segment being taught.  In reality, the three week course was a bit
much for most participants so that instructions were saved for
perusal at their convenience, a major advantage of this type of
distance education.

"Navigating the Internet: An Interactive Workshop" was so popular
that a second class was given within two months.  The announcement
for the second class allowed two weeks for registration.  The
registration had to be stopped when enrollment reached 15,000.
The last workshop given from the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh
"Navigating the Internet: Let's Go Gopherin'" (a popular Internet
interface) attracted 19,994 from 54 countries.

These informal basic e-mail courses demonstrate the potential of
this communication medium for distant education.  With the addition
of graphics, hypertext, compress video, sound and multimedia,
information distribution for educational courses in distance
education will be revolutionary.  Several universities are now
initiating degree programs that can be taken over the Internet.

Telecommunications technologies have provided a vast array of
teaching opportunities for educators and librarians charged with
providing information to students, staff, researchers and faculty.
The technology permits expanded communication among
teachers/student, and also provides a means of increasing
teacher/teacher and student/student communications.

Narrow casting for specific audiences and for specific subject
areas, both for formal credit courses and informal workshops, is an
option being considered by many educators and librarians.

Unlike traditional distance education systems which relied heavily
on print base materials supported by audiotape, telephone contact,
videotape, color slides, study pictures, or kits containing
samples, The Internet gives increased access to graphics, sound,
and video files via software like Mosaic, as well as real time
communications. Innovative computer and telecommunication
technologies' expand and enhance traditional distance education by
adding additional means of communication.

To be productive, distance education must be able to communicate
information between participants in an effective and efficient
manner.  Computer and telecommunication technologies are providing
unique ways to communicate, and examples of the benefits and
drawbacks of using these techniques are abundant in the literature.

Hiltz used computer-mediated communication as both an adjunct
function of supplementing traditional classroom instruction and as
a primary mode of course delivery for postsecondary education.
Electronic conferencing, where students answered questions and
reacted to other student responses produced communications in the
"virtual classroom" and was found to be a positive yet different
type of communications from the traditional classroom.  This change
in communication was noted by others where the experience showed
that communication within a paperless network tends to spread power
horizontally across the writing community, with instructor's
information equal to the student's, and every message, because of
identical font and identical screen size, commanding the same
respect when read by a student.

In a distance education class at Houston Community College System,
years of experience in giving credited courses by modem found that
distance education had several benefits over traditional classroom
instruction and older distance education courses.  Some of the
results showed these benefits:

(1)   Immediacy -- especially compared to print-based correspondence
      courses.
(2)   Sense of group identity -- the computer system became a
      meeting place for students.
(3)   Improved dialogue -- students correspond more than traditional
      classroom setting.
(4)   Improved instructor control -- the computer system can log
      activities.
(5)   Active learning -- student participation improved.

Finally, the Internet, provides a convenient means of delivering
information to thousand of people geographically dispersed and
removes barriers such as distance and cultural diversity that are
common in the traditional classroom educational setting.

For example, this segment was written in my house and transferred
to my local account in Louisiana via a 2,400 baud modem; I then
ftpped the document, in seconds, to my account in Pittsburgh;
finally, I e-mailed it to Patrick in Alabama who then distributed
it to you.  I co-authored a book, "Navigating the Internet" in
three months without ever meeting Mark Gibbs, the co-author in
California, or the Publisher, SAMS in Indianapolis. Distance
education is a bonus for the Instructor also.  "Let's Go Gopherin'"
was distributed from numerous locations, Ohio, Mississippi,
Pennsylvania, and other locations while I was on the road.

Distance education via electronic delivery is not a new concept.
Australia and the United Kingdom have made dramatic steps in
providing electronic information to a multitude of people via
telecommunications.  In the United States, with the explosive
growth of the Internet and the proposed National Research and
Education Network (NREN), it is now possible for delivery of
information in formal education in an economical and efficient
manner.

Of course, promises of new technologies that would impact education
have been made before and never reached their potential.  Public
television is the prime example.  Predicted to impact education
from k-12 to higher education, public television has only served as
a minor supplement to the traditional classroom setting.  Yet
today's technologies are entering not only the classroom, but are
commonly found on professors' and teachers' desks in their office
and even at home.  This easy access to the technology is mainly
responsible for its impact on education.

Higher education will play a vital role in Al Gore's vision of the
information superhighway. Major commercial telecommunication giants
such as MCI and Bell are changing the current Internet into an
information distribution system that is easy to use, providing
access for the general population.  Because of this widespread
access, the way we teach and pass on information to learners around
the world, with collaboration from educators from interdisciplinary
backgrounds and from diverse institutions and cultures, education
will change from the traditional teacher/classroom environment to
a virtual classroom with no walls.


NOTES

(Sorry,  pulled from several sources so not all in one style.)

Blaschke, Charles L. "Distance Learning: A Rapidly Growing State
Priority," Classroom Computer Learning October 1988  16.

Blumen, Goldie. "Many Attempts at 'Distance Learning' are Impeded
by Unforeseen Political and Financial Problems." The Chronicle of
Higher Education. October 23, 1991 a23-a24.

Boston, Roger L. (1992). "Remote Delivery of Instruction via the PC
and Modem: What Have we learned." The American Journal of Distance
Education, 6, 45-52.

Brown, John Seely. "Idea Amplifiers-New Kinds of Electronic
Learning Environments." Educational Horizons, 63 (Spring 1985):
108-112.

Clyde, Laurel. "Distance Education and the Challenges of Continuing
Professional Education," in Woolls, Blanche, ed., Continuing
Professional Education and IFLA:  Past, Present, and a Vision for
the Future:  papers from the IFLA CPERT Second World Conference on
Continuing Professional Education for the Library and Information
Science Professions.  Munich:  K.G. Saur, 1993, 24-33.

Dykman, Charlene Ann. "Electronic Mail Systems: An Analysis of the
Use/Satisfaction Relationship." (Ph.D. diss., University of
Houston, 1986).

Freshwater, M. R. (1985). "Development in the application of new
technology to the delivery of open learning." Technological
Horizons in Education, 12, 105-106.

Goldberg, Fred S (1988). "Telecommunications and The Classroom:
Where We've Been and Where We should Be Going."  The Computing
Teacher, May 26-30.

Hammond, Morrison F. "The Use of Telecommunications in Australian
Education." Technological Horizons in Education, 13 (April 1986):
74-76.

Hiltz, Starr Roxanne. "The 'Virtual Classroom': Using Computer-
Mediated Communication for University Teaching." Journal of
Communication, 36 (Spring 1986): 99-104.

Jones. Ann, Gill Kirkup, Adrian Kirkwood, and Robin Mason.  (1992)
"Providing Computing for Distance Learners: A Strategy for Home
Use."  Computers Education 18, 183-193.

Lautsch, John C. "Computers and Education: The Genie is Out of the
Bottle." Technological Horizons in Education, 8 (February 1981):
34-35.

Manock, John J. (April 1986) "Assessing the Potential Use of
Computer-Mediated Conferencing Systems as Educational Delivery
Systems." T.H.E. Journal, 13 77-80.

Miller, Dusty. "Trim Travel Budgets with Distance Learning,"
Training & Development September 1991 71-74.

O'Shea, Mark R., Kimmel, Howard., Novemsky, Lisa F. "Computer
Mediated Telecommunications and Pre-College Education: A
Retrospect." Journal of Educational Computing Research, 6 (No. 1
1990): 65.

Rogers, Gil. "Teaching a Psychology Course by Electronic Mail."
Social Science Computer Review, 7 (Spring 1989): 60-64.

Roper, Fred W. "Shaping Distance Education in Library and
Information Science Education Through Technology: The South
Carolina Model," in Woolls, Blanche, ed., Continuing Professional
Education and IFLA:  Past, Present, and a Vision for the Future:
papers from the IFLA CPERT Second World Conference on Continuing
Professional Education for the Library and Information Science
Professions.  Munich:  K.G. Saur, 1993, 34-40.

Schroeder, Raymond E. "Computer Conferencing: Exploding the
Classroom Walls." Technological Horizons in Education, 8 (February
1981): 46.

Smith, Richard J. "International Training on the Internet" in
Continuing Professional Education and IFLA: Past, Present, and a
vision for the Future. Papers from the IFLA CPERT Second World
Conference on Continuing Professional Education for the Library and
Information Science Professions.  A Publication of the Continuing
Professional Education Round Table (CPERT) of the International
Federation of Library Associations and Institutions.  Edited by
Blanche Woolls.  (London: K. G. Saur, 1993): 85-89.

Smith, Richard J. "The Electronic Information Course as an
Alternative Teaching Method,"  Research & Education Networking 2
(October 1991); 10-12.

Upitis, Rena. (1990) "Real and Contrived Uses of Electronic Mail in
Elementary Schools."  Computers Educ. 15 233-243.

Weingand, Darlene E. "Teleconferencing as a Continuing Education
Delivery System," in Woolls, Blanche, ed., Continuing Professional
Education and IFLA:  Past, Present, and a Vision for the Future:
papers from the IFLA CPERT Second World Conference on Continuing
Professional Education for the Library and Information Science
Professions.  Munich:  K.G. Saur, 1993, 48-58.

White, Mary Alice. "Synthesis of Research on Electronic Learning."
Educational Leadership, 40 (May 1983): 13-15.


Richard J. Smith
600 Wooddale Blvd. #101
Baton Rouge, LA 70806
504-926-7069
rjs@lis.pitt.edu


-----

My notes:

     (1) From "Navigating the Internet" by Mark Gibbs and Richard Smith

----------------------------------------------------------------------

ROADMAP: Copyright Patrick Crispen 1994, 1995. All rights reserved.

To unsubscribe from any Roadmap workshop, please send an e-mail
letter to LISTSERV@UA1VM.UA.EDU which says UNSUB * in the body
of your letter.

The address that sent this e-mail letter (CRISPEN@UA1VM.UA.EDU) is
actually the address of an automated error processor. Please DO NOT
reply to this e-mail letter as the error processor will consider
your reply to be an error message and will delete your letter unread.
To contact Patrick Crispen, please use my PCRISPE1@UA1VM.UA.EDU
address.


   (\__/)  .~    ~. ))
   /O O  ./      .'               PATRICK DOUGLAS CRISPEN
  {O__,   \    {                   PCRISPE1@UA1VM.UA.EDU
    / .  . )    \                THE UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA
    |-| '-' \    } ))
   .(   _(   )_.'
  '---.~_ _ _&                       Warning: squirrels.

